| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Mahatma | Sanscrit for "Great Soul," Ghandi was called this |
| 1869 | Mohandas Kamachand Ghandi is born in British Hindustan (India) in __________ |
| Kshartriya | Ghandi was born into the _______________ caste, the second caste of four |
| 1857 | An unsuccessful uprising against British rule in Hindustan meant that the British were the undisputed maters of the subcontinent in __________. Several hundred thousand paid native solders rebel against the British. There are more paid native soldiers than British. The spark is when the Hindu/Muslim recruits find out the ammunition cartridges they had put in their mouths, supplied by the British, are oiled with cow and pig fat. British put down the uprising harshly. Thousands are slaughtered. The paid native soldiers were winning at first because they were trained by the British. The British hire other Indians to fight the paid native soldiers. |
| sepoys | paid Indian native soldiers...that's why it's called the _________ Rebellion |
| South Africa | Ghandi attends law school in England. He takes a job in British _______________________________. He is appalled at the 2nd class status of the thousands of Indians living in British ____________________________. |
| satyagraha | soul force |
| workers | Ghandi uses nonviolent methods to protest against the treatment of Indians in British South Africa. He organizes a strike by the ___________ to hit Britain where it hurts, their wallets. |
| Indian National Congress (INC) | In 1915, Ghandi returns to Indian. Through working as a lawyer, he continues his political activism and joins the ___________________________________________. He quickly becomes the driving force behind the campaign for self rule. |
| swaraj | self rule, self government (especially in India) |
| J Nehru and Mohammad Ali Jinnah | Other leaders of the independence movement in India included _________________________________________. The latter of which was a Muslim leader. |
| fasting | Ghandi uses non-violent civil disobedience to provoke the British, including strikes and rallies and even __________. He would use ________ when protesters sunk to violence. |
| salt | Ghandi organized a march to the sea. Thousands of natives march over 200 miles to the sea to make ___________, defying the British monopoly on ___________, which generated taxes. |
| jail | Ghandi and other followers spend time in and out of __________. |
| WWII | Ghandi and the INC do not support the British role in _________, but Ghandi will not support an armed insurrection and spends the years of the war under house arrest. Ghandi wants the British to leave as friends. Activity commences when the war ends in 1945 and by 1947 England agrees to exit and partition England. |
| Prime Minister | J Nehru becomes the first ________________________ of India. |
| January 1948 | Ghandi is assassinated shortly after in _______________________. The 2 Hindu fanatics responsible were convicted and executed. Hindu execution is rare. |
| West and East Pakistan | Millions move across newly created borders -factional violence- between Hindus and Muslims results in millions of deaths. The two northern corners of Hindustan contain a Muslim majority and are converted into _____________________________. Mohammad Ali Jinnah becomes Prime Minister of Pakistan (land of the pure). |
| Neh | ______ of Nehru means born |
| China | India will fight several border wars with Pakistan and ___________. (_________ invades and occupies Tibet; the native Buddihist population is brutalized. The Dalai Lama flees to northern India with 100,000 followers. India took them in because Buddhism and Hinduism are close.) |
| Bangladesh | West and East Pakistan also have troubles. The only thing they have in common is the Islamic faith. In 1971 fighting breaks out between the two parts. India intercedes. The East separates from the West forming the modern nation of ________________. |
| Sri Lanka | Island of _________________ also became independent. Strife between native Buddhist Ceylonese and Hindu Tamil immigrants has persisted. |
| 1964 | Nehru remained prime minister until his death in ___________. He kept India in the camp of non-alignment nations with a slight tilt towards the Soviets. There was a mixed economy with small scale capitalism with government ownership of large industry. |
| Indira Ghandi | The INC ran Nehru's daughter ______________________ for the post of prime minister thinking she could easily be controlled. She remains a strong ruler until her assassination in 1984. She is killed by her Sikh bodyguards when she will not give in to Sikh autonomy in the punjah. |
| democracy | India, the world's largest _______________, India, is still dominated by one clan, Nehru. |
| Talibani | Arabic for students |
| Rajiv | Indira is succeeded by her charismatic son __________. He is assassinated by a Tamil terrorist in 1991. His wife, Italian-born Sonia, remains a major influence today. The INC continues to dominate Indian politics. |
| stan | Persian for land of |
| Ali Bhutto | _______________ succeeds Jinnah. He is overthrown and hanged in a coup by General Zia. |
| Benazir Bhutto | Ali Bhutto's daughter ________________ becomes prime minister. She is overthrown by the military in the 1990s. |
| pro-west | The United States government is ok with a dictator as long as he/she is ________________________ (anti-extremist). Benazir returns in 2007. She is killed by Taliban agents. Her husband is now the prime minister. He launches an assault on western region to rid the area of Taliban influence. |
| Burka | The Arabic form of a chadar is a __________. |
| shah | Persian for emperor |
| Ayatollah Khomeini | In 1979 the corrupt Shah of Iran is overthrown by an uprising by the Shiite religious leader the ___________________________________. |
| secular | separation of church and state |
| theocracy | a religious government |
| Iran | _________ is changed from a secular pro-western society into a strict Islamic theocracy. Religious "police" patrol the streets to monitor behavior and dress (wome must wear the chador...a gown that covers them fully). |
| US embassy | When America admits the former shah for medical care, Iranians violate international law and seize the ____________________, holding it and about 52 hostages for over 400 days. |
| Embassies | _____________ are supposed to be safe havens for the people of their countries. |
| prayer | Friday ________ gatherings end with the customary "Death to America; Death to Israel." Khomeini labels America the great Satan. |
| radical Islam | Soviets fear the spread of ___________________ will spread to the southern tier of the Soviet Republics inhabited by Muslims. They invade Afghanistan in 1979 to create a buffer against the spread of Islam fundamentalism. They quickly terrorize and occupy the cities. |
| Mujahaddin | Islamic holy warriors |
| guerrilla war | Islamic fighters flock to Afghanistan to engage in Jihad (holy war) against the godless Soviet infidels (not faithful). The jihadists can only mount a __________________ against the military superiority of the Soviets. The US decides to arm and train the Mujahaddin to hurt their cold war adversary, the Soviets. |
| Charlie Wilson | Congressman ____________________________ obtains sophisticated weapons for the Afghan freedom fighters including stinger missiles. |
| stinger missiles | missiles that are held on the shoulder that get pointed towards planes and head straight to heat |
| 10 years | Soviets withdraw after _______________ and heavy losses, leaving a political vacuum. The US ignores Afghanistan after the Soviet retreat. |
| Al Qaeda | the group or the organization in Arabic |
| Al Zawarhi | From the remnants of the Afghani freedom fighters emerges a core of radical Islamic fundamentalists (Al Qaeda) and two new leaders (Osama bin Laden and Egyptian-born doctor ___________________.) They move to Sudan and declare war on western crusaders and Israel. Small terrorist attacks are carried out. |
| 7th Century | In Afghanistan, radical students (Talibani) seize power and create a very rigid theocracy. The revert society back to the __________________ and floggings and executions are used. Bin Laden and Al Qaeda are welcomed by the Taliban regime. The September 11th attacks are planned. |
| Jihad | _______ with a lower case j is the struggle against non-Muslim invaders/conquerors and with a capital J it is everyone's struggle to not succumb to temptations. |
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