physical science final
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Created by:
mariocrespi on June 4, 2009
Description:
just some terms from the practice final
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59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 a passanger is in the rar seat of a car moving at a steady speed is at rest relative to | the front seat of the car |
| which distance can be most accurately measured with a ruler? | the width of a book |
| one kilometer equals 1000 meters. what does the prefix kilo- mean? | 1000 |
| a person walks 1 mile every day for exercise, leaving her front porch at 9:00 am. and returning to her front porch at 9:25 am. What is the total displacement of her daily walk? | 0 |
| a ball is rolled uphill a distance of 5 meters before it slows, stops, and begins to roll back. The ball rolls downhill 9 meters before coming to rest against a tree. What is the magnitude of the ball's displcaement? | 4 meters |
| speed is the ratio of the distance an object moves to | the amount of time needed to travel the distance |
| instantaneous speed is measured | at a particular instant |
| a car traveled 60 km in 2 hours, 84 km in the next hour, and then 68 km in 2 hours before reaching its destination. What was the car's average speed? | 148 km/h |
| the slope of a line on a distance-time graph is | speed |
| a horizontal line on a distance-time graph means the object is | moving at a constant speed |
| a distance-time graph indicates that an object moves 100 m in 4 s and then remains at rest for 6 s. What is the average speed of the object? | 10 m/s |
| the rate at which velocity changes is called | acceleration |
| objects in free fall near the surface of the Earth experience | constant acceleration |
| suppose you increase your walking speed from 1 m/s to 3 m/s in a period of 1 s. What is your acceleration? | 2 m/s to the second power |
| an object moving at 30 m/s takes 5 s to come to a stop. What is the object's acceleration? | -6 m/s to the second power |
| the slope of a speed-time graph indicates | acceleration |
| an object that is accelerating may be | slowing down, changing speed, gaining speed all these are correct |
| the SI unit of force is the | newton |
| when an unbalanced force acts on an object, | the object accelerates |
| when a pair of balanced forces acts on an object, the net force that results is | equal to zero |
| as you push a cereal box across a tabletop, the sliding friction acting on the cereal box | acts in the direction opposite of motion |
| the forces acting on a falling leaf are | gravity and air resistance |
| the property of matter that resists changes in motion is called | inertia |
| according to Newton's second law of motion, acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on the object divided by the object's | mass |
| if a force of 12 N is applied to an object with a mass of 2 kg, the object will accelerate at | 6 m/s to the second power |
| your weight equals your | mass times the acceleration due to gravity |
| the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Mars is about one third the acceleration due to gravity on Earth's surface. The weight of a space probe on the surface of Mars is about | one third its weight on Earth's surface |
| Newton's third law of motion describes | action and reaction forces |
| the product of an object's mass and velocity is its | momentum |
| what is the momentum of a 50-kilogram ice skater gliding across the ice at a speed of 5 m/s? | 250 kg.m/s |
| what is the unit of work? | joule |
| if you exert a force of 10.0 N to lift a box a distance of 0.9 m, how much work do you do? | 9.0 J |
| if you perform 40 joules of work lifting a 10-N box from the floor to a shelf, how high is the shelf? | 4.0 m |
| work is a transfer of | energy |
| the energy of motion is alled | kinetic energy |
| a small 20-kilogram canoe is floating downriver at a speed of 2 m/s. What is the canoe's kinetic energy? | 40 J |
| a 4-kilogram cat is resting on top of a bookshelf that is 3 meters high. What is the cat's gravitational potential energy relative to the floor if the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s to the second power? | 118 J |
| walking converts what type of energy into mechanical energy? | chemical |
| nuclear power plants are designed to convert nuclear energy into what type of energy? | electrical |
| Which of the following statements is true according to the law of conservation of energy? | energy cannot be created, energy cannot be destroyed, energy can be converted from one form to another, all are corrct |
| the study of Earth's composition, structure, and history is called | geology |
| the three main layers of Eath's interior are the | crust, mante, core |
| a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a crystal structure and a characteristic chemical composition is a | mineral |
| rocks are classified as | igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary |
| intense heat, intense pressure, or reactions with hot water can modify a pre-existing rock to form a | metamorphic rock |
| a series of processes in which rocks are continously changed from one type to another called | the rock cycle |
| what changes are involved when mud from a lake bottom turns into sedimentary rock and then into a metamorphic rock? | compaction and cementation and then heat and pressure |
| the hypothesis taht the continents move slowly over Earth's surface and once were joined into one supercontinent is called | plate techtonics |
| new ocean crust is formed along | mid-ocean ridges |
| plates slide past each other, and crust is neither created nor destroyed, at a | transform boundary |
| stress in Earth's crust is caused by | plate movements |
| what is the name of the location within Earth where an earthquake begins | focus |
| in a diagram depicting the solar system as heliocentric, what is located at the center? | the sun |
| which of the following is the most likely reason that ancient observers believed taht Earth was the center of the universe? | objects in the sky appear to circle around Earth |
| the orbit of a planet around the sun is a | ellipse |
| which of the following objects does NOT orbit directly around the sun? | comets |
| what led to the discovery of three more planets than those that the ancient observers knew about? | the invention of the telescope in 1600 |
| who was the first american in space | alan shepard |
| why does Earth's moon have no atmosphere? | there are no planets to release oxygen |
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