| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Huang He River | a major river of Asia in northern China |
| Yangtze River | the longest river of Asia |
| Xi River | River that flows to guangzhou (canton) and is a means of exporting goods |
| Qin Dynasty | Started in 221 b.c., built great wall of china |
| Yuan Dynasty | the imperial dynasty of China from 1279 to 1368 |
| Qing Dynasty | the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries |
| Confucianism | the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity |
| Filial piety | Respect for parents |
| Five relationships | 1. husband and wife 2. parent and child 3. elder and younger brother 4. ruler and Minister or subject 5. friend and friend |
| Sun Yat-sen | Chinese physician and political leader who aimed to transform China with patriotic, democratic, and economically progressive reforms. |
| Chiang Kai-Shek | Leader of the Nationalist Party after 1925 |
| Mao Zedong | Third leader after the emperor; started the Great Leap Forward, the Great Cultural Revolution, the Red Book, the Red Guard, and the Red Brigade, wanted to get rid of the 4 olds. Communist. |
| Communist Goals | Everyone is equal, no inheritance, no ownership of land, everyone puts in works and has their needs met |
| Nationalism | the doctrine that nations should act independently (rather than collectively) to attain their goals |
| Human rights in China today | There are some rights, but they are limited. i.e. Freedom of speech, but no speaking against the government |
| Population Density/Distrubution in China | The population is very dense and not much distribution |
| Cultural achievement of India | Science, math, astronomy, music, medicine, martial arts, architecture |
| Caste system | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life. |
| Arranged marriage | Unions in which parents choose their children's marriage partners. |
| Dowry | The property which a wife brings to her husband in marriage. |
| Marriage age | Parents may decide from birth; usually married in teen years |
| Gupta empire | Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism |
| Partition of India and Pakistan | The separation of India into India and Pakistan; Gandhi didn't approve. |
| Current affairs in India | Corruption, poverty |
| Russian climate zones | Continental, subpolar, polar |
| Russian vegetation zones | Frozen tundra, taiga, forest zone, steppe, desert, subtropical |
| Catherine the great | Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796) |
| Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) |
| Russian achievements | Space race, science, math |
| Cold war | A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted eachother on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years. |
| China Regions | Manchuria, North China Plain, Tibetan Plateau |
| Chinese accomplishments and achievements | gunpowder, explosives, Great Wall, sil, porcelain, acupuncture, ephedrine, kites, umbrellas, paper, block printing, compass |
| Confucianism | the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity |
| Taoism | philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events |
| Legalism | strict conformity to the letter of the law rather than its spirit |
| Buddhism | the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth |
| Eightfold path | right views, right thought, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right endeavor, right awareness, and right contemplation. seen as the "middle way" |
| Reincarnation | the Hindu or Buddhist doctrine that person may be reborn successively into one of five classes of living beings (god or human or animal or hungry ghost or denizen of hell) depending on the person's own actions |
| Dharma | Life duty |
| Extraterritoriality | Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation. |
| Unequal treaty | China was forced to pay $333 million for being caught for supporting Hong |
| Collective | set up on the principle of collectivism or ownership and production by the workers involved usually under the supervision of a government |
| Commune | a body of people or families living together and sharing everything |
| Opium | an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppy |
| Tiananmen Square Massacre | In 1989, demonstrators peacefully assembled to push for greater democracy in China; when the demonstrators refused to disperse the government sent in troops and tanks |
| Chinese Economic Reforms | Communist goals to create sufficiant surplus value to surply modernization in China. |
| Famous Indian Places | Khyber Pass, Ghats, Thar Desert, Deccan Plateau |
| Hinduism | reincarnation is basic belief, caste system- Brahman, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras (Untouchables) Polytheistic - Brahman, Vishnu, Shiva. Had Upanishaps- literature based on the Vedas |
| Sikhism | a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by the guru Nanak. Sikhism rejects caste distinctions, idolatry, and asceticism and is characterized by belief in a cycle of reincarnation from which humans can free themselves by living righteous lives as active members of society |
| Islam | the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran |
| Buddhism | founded in India; Siddhartha Guatama wanted to reform Hinduism; anti-caste system and believed in equality of women with men; as it made its way to China it took a more patriarchal view; Four Noble Truths; Eightfold Path |
| Jainism | an ascetic religion of India, founded in the sixth century B.C., that teaches the immortality and transmigration of the soul and denies the existence of a perfect or supreme being |
| Polytheism | Belief is several Gods |
| Monotheism | Belief in one God |
| Reincarnation | Being reborn. Where you end up depends on how you behaved in your previous life. |
| Karma | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine their destiny in his next incarnation |
| Dharma | Moral Duty |
| Yoga | a system of exercises practiced as part of the Hindu discipline to promote control of the body and mind |
| Meditation | continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature |
| Caste system | A Hindu social system that controlled every aspect of daily life. |
| Moshka | atmen gets returned to Brahman |
| Varna | (Hinduism) the name for the original social division of Vedic people into four groups (which are subdivided into thousands of jatis) |
| Jati | (Hinduism) a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India |
| Urbanization | the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban |
| Mauryan Empire | The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived until 184 B.C.E. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes. (184) |
| Civil Disobedience | a group's refusal to obey a law because they believe the law is immoral (as in protest against discrimination) |
| Indian National Congress | A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor. (p. 663) |
| Salt March | passive resistance campaign of Mohandas Gandhi where many Indians protested the British tax on salt by marching to the sea to make their own salt. |
| Gandhi | The man |
| Population Issues in India | Very overpopulated |
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