SS - Unit 6, Ls1-3
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 steam-powered engines | In the late 1700s and early 1800s __ and pumps began to replace animals and human muscle power. |
| Factories | __ sprang up in one city after another. |
| cheap goods | The Industrial Revolution had some positive results. Lives were improved by making __ that were widely available |
| inequalities of wealth | The Industrial Revolution had some negative results. It led to great __ (factory owners became very rich; factory workers remained poor) |
| dangerous | The Industrial Revolution had some negative results. Workers worked long hours in __ circumstances |
| child | The Industrial Revolution had some negative results. __ labor was used extensively |
| 1. Children worked up to 12 hours a day. 2. They worked for low wages at dangerous jobs. 3. Employers treated them badly. 4. They had no time to attend school. | Briefly describe the working conditions for children in the 1840s. |
| 1. They could pay children less money. 2. Children were beaten if they disobeyed. 3. Because families were desperate and orphanages wanted $. 4. injured children were easily replaced. | Why did factory and mine owners prefer children over adult laborers? |
| reformer | A __ is a person who wants to change conditions he or she thinks are harmful |
| two | Reformers began to protect people from unsafe working conditions. Children were required to attend school at least __ hours a day. |
| illness | Poor people really needed their jobs. However, layoffs and ___ could happen anytime and horrible poverty and suffering resulted. |
| layoff | A __ is a time when large numbers of workers are fired, often with no warning |
| America | Some workers dreamed of going to ___ and others dreamed of more reforms. |
| free market exchange of goods and labor | Some factory and mine owners did not like the laws protecting the workers. They felt government had no right to interfere in the __. |
| free market | A __ is an economy in which buyers and sellers decide on prices without interference or control from an outside agency. |
| buyers have the freedom of choice and will choose the best bargain | In a free market, if there is a freedom to compete, the quality of goods will rise, and the cost of goods will go down because __. |
| an economy in which buyers and sellers decide on prices without interference or control from an outside agency | What is a free market? |
| producing their goods efficiently and cheaply | . Factory owners thought they were doing a good thing by keeping wages low and showing little concern for workers' safety. They only cared about___. |
| Lord Ashley | __ was a member of Parliament who interviewed workers to find out about their working conditions. He helped to pass laws to improve those conditions. |
| villagers | Before Industrialization, there were serfs. Serfs were replaced by __ who rented their land and were free to move elsewhere if they found a better deal. Some prospered, but most remained poor. |
| muscle | Poor people relied on __ power. They had to produce enough food to survive. |
| weather | Poor people depended on the __ and hard work. |
| market | Every village and town had at least one __ every week or so during the warmer months. Here, villagers could get things they needed or wanted, but might not be able to produce themselves. |
| winter | In which season did peasants slaughter animals and make items to trade at market when it got warmer |
| spring | In which season did peasants plow and smooth the fields and plant seeds; they went to market to trade |
| summer | In which season did peasants work in gardens and fields and trade at market |
| fall/ autumn | In this season peasants harvested their crops |
| poaching | Villagers were not allowed to hunt deer or rabbits that ate their crops. Doing so was called __. Only the lord and his family could hunt on the land; the villagers were only renting. |
| malnutrition | ___, the result of poor diet, was common among the laboring poor and opened the door to disease. |
| Families lived in one-room dwellings that had dirt floors and no running water. An open hole in the room let out smoke from the fire. Beds were sacks of straw. | Describe the peasants' living conditions. |
| priest | There were no schools or hospitals. The __ was usually the only educated person in the village. |
| power | The poor had no say in government or no __ to change their lives in a peaceable way. |
| Religious | __ beliefs promised the poor they would not suffer in the next world because they suffered so much in this one. |
| dramatically | How did the Industrial Revolution change peoples' lives? |
| efficient | Over the years, clever people discovered more __ways to do their work. |
| foods | There were __ not known before, brought overseas from the Americas. |
| animals | __ were larger now thanks to better feed and breeding practices. |
| plows | There were many new tools and farming techniques. Stronger __ and seedlings with better root systems were helpful. |
| harnassing | New methods __of draft animals made better use of their strength. |
| draft | __ animals are animals used for pulling loads. |
| farms | Previously the land was divided into many small plots. By the 17th century, larger and more efficient __ were emerging. |
| enclosure movement | The __ lumped together many small fields and made the cost of producing crops fall. Fewer farm workers were needed. |
| landlords | Thanks to the enclosure movement, bigger harvests and lower costs caused the __ to get more profits. They became wealthy. Many villagers found themselves without work. |
| 1. American colonies 2. to cities 3. or to nearby mines. | Desperate for work, many villagers had to leave the countryside, flocking to __, __, or __ |
| shafts | In the mines, __ were dug once the easy-to-mine coal and iron - located at the surface of the ground - were used. |
| ground | The coal and iron mines were often flooded with water beneath the earth's surface called __ water. |
| James Watt | __ improved an existing steam engine. It was useful for pumping water out of the mines. |
| Robert Fulton | Steam engines were used to pull cars and wagons and ___'s steam engine drove a boat. |
| machines | During and after the Industrial Revolution ___ of all kinds were doing work that had been done by people and animals. It was a new age - the Industrial Age. Modern times had begun. |
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