| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Henry VIII | House of Tudor: patronized Erasmus, Holbein the Younger, Thomas More |
| Henry VIII | a.k.a. "Defender of the Faith"; named himself head of Church of England in 1533 |
| Henry VIII | 6 wives, one son, Edward VI, by Jane Seymour |
| Elizabeth I | House of Tudor; never married; considered illegitimate. Sister of Mary I |
| Elizabeth I | named herself "Governor" of the Church. Reign saw the emergence of Shakespeare |
| George III | House of Hanover; lost American colonies in the Revolutionary War |
| George III | Suffered from porphyria; Britain's economic empire expanded during his reign |
| Victoria | a.k.a. Alexandrina; also served as Empress of India (1876-1901). House of Hanover. |
| Victoria | Longest reign in history; went into seclusion after husband's death (Albert) |
| Victoria | influenced passage of Reform Act of 1867; favored prime ministers such as Lord Melbourne, Peel, Disraeli. |
| William I | a.k.a. "The Conqueror"; House of Normandy. Invaded England (1066) |
| William I | Authorized survey of the Domesday Book; defeated Anglo-Saxons @ Battle of Hastings |
| William The Conqueror | Nickname of William I |
| Charles I | House of Stuart; last absolute monarch; forced to sign Petition of Right |
| Charles I | attempted to reform Scottish Church, causing English Civil War |
| James I | House of Stuart; great grandson of Henry VII; Target of Gunpowder Plot |
| Guy Fawkes | Catholic fanatic best known for the Gunpowder Plot |
| James I | Rule saw expansion into North America in Virginia and Massachusetts |
| Richard III | House of York; made Duke of Gloucester in 1461. Related to the Wars of the Roses. |
| Elizabeth II | House of Windsor; the current Queen of England. |
| Elizabeth II | Representative of modern ceremonial monarchy; husband: "Prince" Philip Mountbatten |
| John | House of Plantagenet; tried to seize crown from brother Richard; Excommunicated by the Pope |
| John | forced to sign Magna Carta at Runnymede |
| Charles II | House of Stuart; crowned King of Scotland in 1651; aka "Merry Monarch" |
| Charles II | Fought two wars against the Dutch and signed Treaty of Dover w/ Louis XIV |
| James II | House of Stuart; only served three years as King; featured heavy favoritism toward Catholicism |
| James II | son-in-law: William of Orange; made attempt to regain crown but lost at Battle of Boyne |
| Henry II | House of Plantagenet; son of Geoffrey of Anjou ; married Eleanor of Aquitaine in 1152. |
| Henry II | developed common law and due process in Britain. 4 sons conspired against him w/ French king Philip II |
| Richard I | aka "The Lionhearted"; House of Plantagenet. Fought Philip II in Normandy, captured on the Third Crusade |
| Richard I | Third son of Henry II; only reigned for 5 months in England; died while defending his possessions in Aquitaine. |
| Richard the Lionhearted | Nickname of Richard I |
| Alfred the Great | House of Saxon (Saxon House); really just the King of Wessex; kept England from the worst of the Dark Ages |
| Alfred the Great | translated Boethius, Augustine, & the Venerable Bede's works into Anglo-Saxon. |
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