Science Chapter 1 Human Biology and Health
Order by
70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 levels of organization in the body | cells, tissues, organs, organ systems |
| cell | basic unit of structure and function in a living thing |
| cell membrane | forms the outside boundary of a cell |
| nucleus | the control center that directs the cells activities and contains the information that determines the cells form and function |
| cytoplasm | the material within a cell apart from the nucleus |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that perform the same function |
| muscle tissue | can contract, or shorten |
| nervous tissue | directs and controls the process |
| connective tissue | provides support for your body and connects all its parts |
| epithelial tissue | the surfaces of your body, inside and out, are covered by this |
| organ | a structure that is composed of different kinds of tissues |
| examples of organs | stomach, heart, brain, lungs |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a major function |
| circulatory system | transports materials to and from cells |
| endocrine system | controls many body processes by means of chemicals |
| muscular system | enables movement of the body and internal organs |
| digestive system | breaks down food and absorbs nutrients |
| nervous system | detects information from the environment and controls body functions |
| excretory system | removes wastes |
| skeletal system | supports and protects the body |
| respiratory system | takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide |
| homeostasis | all the systems in the body work together to maintain this |
| homeostasis is the process by which... | an organisms internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment |
| stress | the reaction of your body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events |
| skeleton | made up of all the bones in your body |
| five major functions of the skeleton | shape and support, enables you to move, protects your organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and other materials your body needs |
| vertebrae | the 26 small bones that make up your backbone |
| joint | a place in the body where two bones come together |
| what do joints do? | joints allow bones to move in different ways |
| what do moveable joints do? | they allow the body to make a wide range of movements |
| ligaments | bone to bone |
| cartilage | more flexible than bone, a connective tissue |
| compact bone | hard and dense, but not solid. beneath the outer membrane |
| spongy bone | porous. inside the femurs compact bone |
| marrow | connective tissue located in the spaces in many bones |
| red bone marrow | produces most of the bodys blood cells |
| yellow marrow | stores fat that can serve as an energy reserve |
| why are bones hard? | they contain calcium and phosphorus |
| osteoporosis | a condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily |
| what are common skeletal injuries? | fractures, dislocations, sprains |
| fracture | a break in a bone |
| dislocation | occurs when the end of a bone comes out of its joints |
| sprain | occurs when ligaments are stretched too far and tear in places |
| x-rays | a form of energy that travels in waves, like the light your eyes can see |
| what are two ways to identify injuries? | x-rays and MRI |
| MRI | a method for taking clear images of both bones and soft tissues of the body |
| what are 3 ways to treat injuries? | cast, surgical procedures, arthroscopy |
| arthritis | a disease of the joints that makes movement painful |
| arthroscope | slim, tube-shaped instrument to make a small incision |
| involuntary muscles | muscles not under your conscious control |
| examples of involuntary muscles | breathing, digesting food |
| voluntary muscles | muscles that are under your conscious control |
| examples of voluntary muscles | smiling, turning a page in a book, getting out of your chair |
| what are three types of muscle tissue? | skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle |
| skeletal muscles | attached to the bones of your skeleton and provide the force that moves your bones |
| tendon | a strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| striated muscle | skeletal muscle cells appear banded |
| smooth muscle | the inside of many internal organs, involuntary muscles |
| cardiac muscle | tissue found only in your heart, involuntary muscles |
| muscles work in pairs because | when one muscle contracts, the other muscle in the pair relaxes it to its original length |
| what does the skin protect you from? | injury, infection, water loss |
| what does the skin help? | regulate body temperature, eliminate wastes, gather information about the environment, produce vitamin D |
| what are the two main layers of skin? | epidermis, dermis |
| epidermis | the outer layer of skin, thin |
| dermis | the inner layer of skin |
| melanin | a colored substance that gives skin its color, cells deep in the epidermis produce this |
| pores | sweat glands produce perspiration, which reaches the surface through openings |
| follicles | strands of hair grow within the dermis in structures called... |
| what are three ways to keep your skin healthy? | healthy diet, keep skin clean and dry, limit exposure to the sun |
| cancer | a disease in which some cells in the body divide uncontrollably |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.