5 Written Questions

1. John Locke, tabula rasa or blank slate
2. Piaget (2-7) conservation, ego-centrism, Piaget's second stage of cognitive development (lasting from about age 2 to age 6 or 7), during which the child begins to represent the world symbolically
3. Kohlberg's highest level of moral development, in which moral actions are judged on the basis of personal codes of ethics that are general and abstract and that may not agree with societal norms
4. 2 months: smiling
   7-8 months: stranger anxiety
   14-18 months: separation anxiety
   - Growth of memory capacity
5. Stages 1 and 2 of Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning. Children think about moral questions in terms of external authority; acts are wrong because they are punished or right because they are rewarded.

5 Matching Questions

1. menopause
2. formal operational
3. Stages
4. Stages of Moral reasoning
5. Lawrence Kohlberg

1. a the time in a woman's life in which the menstrual cycle ends
2. b moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he steal the medication and why?
3. c Kohlberg - pre-conventional (avoid punishment); conventional (rules are make to help group); post-conventional (willing to break rules if rule is immoral.
4. d (11 and up) Pendulum experiment: Galileo first performed this experiment by observing swinging lamps in a cathedral and timing them with his
   pulse beat.
   - He found that the time for one swing increases by a factor of two
   if the length of the pendulum is multiplied by four, or decreases
   by one-half if the length of the pendulum is reduced by onefourth.
   - Balance beam experiment
5. e all children go through the same stages in the same
   order
   - behavior organized around a coherent theme or set of characteristics
   Piaget, Kohlberg, Erikson

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. (Personality and social development) mood-related personality characteristics
   Activity level; responsiveness to changes in the
   environment; regularity of biological rhythms;
   intensity of emotions
   1. Temperament
   2. teratogens
   3. Attachment
   4. dementia
2. Pioneering Research
   - Ainsworth (1958)
   • Securely attached
   • Insecurely attached - avoidant
   • Insecurely attached - ambivalent
   - Disorganized (added by Mary Main)
   • Sensitive responsiveness
   - response to baby's needs
   1. Adolescent behavior
   2. Attachment
   3. Attachment research findings
   4. James Marcia
3. The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
   1. puberty
   2. dementia
   3. zygote
   4. schemas
4. understand the world in terms of an existing schema
   1. Stages
   2. assimilate
   3. schemas
   4. morality
5. Piaget's final stage of cognitive development. Beginning around 11 years, children can apply mental operations to abstract concepts and become more systematic in problem-solving.
   1. formal operational period
   2. formal operational
   3. Critical period
   4. germinal period

5 True/False Questions

1. James Marcia → mental deterioration of organic or functional origin

   True        False

2. longitudinal design → A research design in which people of different ages are compared at the same time.

   True        False

3. hearing → concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong

   True        False

4. Maturation → the decline in responsiveness to a stimulus that is repeatedly presented.

   True        False

5. important research findings for newborns → Memory in 3 month olds
   - Preference for human voices over other
   sounds
   - Preference of heartbeat sounds and mother's
   voice over other women's voices
   - Preference of familiar stories over unfamiliar
   stories

   True        False