Molecular Geometry
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Created by:
elargentino95 on February 16, 2012
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Covalent Bond | a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| Single Covalent Bond | a bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons |
| Double Covalent Bond | a bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons |
| Triple Covalent Bond | a bond formed by sharing three pairs of electrons |
| Coordinate Covalent Bond | a covalent bond in which one atom contributes both bonding electrons |
| Polar Covalent Bonds | unequal sharing of electrons |
| Nonpolar Covalent Bonds | bonds in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of the same element in a compound. |
| Resonance Structures | Lewis structures that have the same arrangement of atoms in a molecule but differ in the distribution of electrons among the atoms. |
| Van der Waals forces | a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
| Dispersion Forces | The weakest molecular interactions caused by the motions of electrons. |
| Dipole Interactions | intermolecular forces resulting from the attraction of oppositely charged regions of polar molecules |
| Hydrogen Bonding | attraction between positive charge on a hydrogen in a dipole and the negative end of another molecule. Think water! |
| VSEPR theory | a theory that predicts some molecular shapes based on the idea that pairs of valence electrons surrounding an atom repel each other |
| Cohesion | (physics) the intermolecular force that holds together the molecules in a solid or liquid |
| Adhesion | an attraction between molecules of different substances |
| Surface tension | a phenomenon at the surface of a liquid caused by intermolecular forces |
| Capillary Action | a phenomenon associated with surface tension and resulting in the elevation or depression of liquids in capillaries |
| Surfactant | a substance capable of reducing the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved |
| Hydrate | compound that has water chemically attached to its ions and written into its chemical formula |
| Hygroscopic | a term describing salts and other compounds that remove moisture from the air |
| Efflorescence | Gain salt, loses water |
| Dessicant | substance used as a drying agent |
| Solvation | a chemical process in which solvent molecules and molecules or ions of the solute combine to form a compound |
| Solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure |
| Solute | the dissolved substance in a solution |
| Solvent | a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances |
| Electrolyte | a solution that conducts electricity |
| Polar | having an uneven distribution of charge |
| Nonpolar | Equal sharing of electrons |
| Octahedral | 6 places where electrons are found; 6 places with bonding electrons, 0 places with nonbonding electrons, 90 degrees |
| Trigonal Planar | molecular geometry: 6 electron domains with 3 lone pairs, 120 degrees |
| Trigonal Pyramidal | molecular geometry: 4 electron domains with 1 lone pair, 107 |
| Trigonal Bipyramidal | 5 charge centers, no unshared pairs on central atom |
| Electronegativity | The ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound |
| Dipole | a molecule or a part of a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged regions |
| Nonpolar | Difference less than .5 |
| Polar | Difference in between .5 and 2.1 |
| Ionic | Greater than 2.1 |
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