1.
1) Opsonization: makes germs delicious so they're eaten. 2) Membrane attack complex: puts holes in the germ's membrane. 3) Enhance inflammation: What are the 3 functions of complement proteins?
2.
2 micrometers high, 7.5 micrometers wide: What are the dimensions of a RBC?
3.
2 million: How many RBC are killed every second?
4.
5: How many liters of blood does the average human have?
5.
5: How many different kinds of leukocytes are there?
6.
120 days: How long do RBC live?
7.
300 million: How many hemoglobins in one RBC?
8.
a foreign substance in the body that causes an immune response: What is an antigen?
9.
A low hemoglobin count. Can be from blood loss, low production in bone marrow, or too high destruction rate by spleen.: What is anemia?
10.
Amino acids and iron are recylced. Heme is not.: What is/isn't recycled from a killed RBC?
11.
Anti-A antibodies: If you're type B, you have what antibodies?
12.
Anti-B antibodies: If you're type A, you have what antibodies?
13.
B & T lymphocytes: What is the body's third line of defense?
14.
bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites, and proteins: Name six types of pathogens
15.
biconcave disc: What is the shape of a RBC?
16.
binds with oxygen: What is the function of hemoglobin?
17.
Blood clotting disorder: What is hemophilia?
18.
Bone marrow: Where are the formed elements made?
19.
Both anti-A and anti-B: If you're type O, you have what antibodies?
20.
Combine with antigens, they do not destroy them.: What do antibodies do?
21.
erythropoietin: What do the kidneys release which stimulates the bone marrow?
22.
Examine the shape of the nucleus and look for granules.: How do you identify WBC?
23.
Globin molecule with 4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha 2 beta): Describe the hemoglobin structure
24.
having too few WBC: What is leukopenia?
25.
having too many WBC: What is leukocytosis?
26.
hematopoiesis: What is the production of red blood cells called?
27.
hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase: What is a RBC filled with?
28.
Inflammation, phagocytosis, NK cells, complement proteins: What is the body's second line of defense?
29.
Inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator and increases vascular permeability causing local edema.: What is histamine?
30.
iron-containing heme: What is connected to each globin polypeptide chain?
31.
It activates antithrombin exzyme: How does heparin prevent coagulation?
32.
It breaks down clots: How does tissue plasminogen activator prevent coagulation?
33.
It is a vitamin K antagonist: How does warfarin prevent coagulation?
34.
It prevents platelets from sticking together: How does aspirin prevent coagulation?
35.
It shrinks: What happens when an artery is injured?
36.
Keep your immune system from shutting off.: What do helper cells do?
37.
Keep your immune system in control.: What do supressor cells do?
38.
kidneys: What controls the amount of RBC production?
39.
Kill germs by phagocytosis. As they die off they are replaced by monocytes. If the monocytes can't handle it, they call the neutrophils.: What do macrophages do?
40.
Kill things that are foreign that have the right antigen on them.: What do killer T cells do?
41.
leukopoiesis: What is the production of WBC called?
42.
macrophages of the spleen: What kills RBC?
43.
Major histocompatibility complex. They process antigens to see if you recognize them by displaying them on the cell surface.: What are MHC proteins?
44.
Mast cells release histamine, setting off the alarm: What happens when tissue is damaged?
45.
Most common is O+ and least common is AB-: What is the most and least common blood types?
46.
Multi-lobed nucleus with blue granules. Granules contain histamine.: What is the structure and function of a basophil?
47.
Multi-lobed nucleus with colorless granules. Are bacteria slayers.: What is the structure and function of a neutrophil?
48.
Multi-lobed nucleus with red granules. Lead counterattack against parasitic worms.: What is the structure and function of an eosiniphil?
49.
Natural killer cells, which kill infected or malignant cells.: What are NK cells?
50.
Neither: If you're type AB, you have what antibodies?
51.
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils): Leukocytes in order from most to least abundant
52.
no: Do red blood cells have nuclei?
53.
Not lobed and the nucleus fills the cell. Act in response to virus-infected cells and tumor cells.: What is the structure and function of a lymphocyte?
54.
Not lobed and the nucleus looks like a folded pillow. Are highly mobile macrophages that eat viruses, bacterial parasites, and chronic infections.: What is the structure and function of a monocyte?
55.
oxygen: What do the kidneys respond to in the blood?
56.
patch holes in blood vessels and clot blood: What is the function of platelets?
57.
platelet: What is a thrombocyte?
58.
Platelets come from hemocytoblasts and plug the holes and cover the collagen and stop blood loss.: What fixes an injured artery?
59.
Prothrombin activator activates prothrombin, which becomes thrombin. Thrombin activates fibrinogen, which becomes fibrin.: Describe the coagulation process
60.
RBC: What is an erythrocyte?
61.
RBC: Which element makes up almost all of the formed elements?
62.
RBC, WBC, platelets: Name the formed elements in blood
63.
Rh antigen: If someone is Rh positive, they have what?
64.
Skin, mucous membranes, and secretions that kill germs: What is the body's first line of defense?
65.
Stem cell that begins hematopoiesis: Hemocytoblast
66.
T lymphocytes need to be activated by correct antigen presented by MHC. Some B lymphocytes change into plasma cells and start making antibodies. T lymphocytes make killer T cells, helper cells, and suppressor cells.: What are the differences between B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes?
67.
The heme is converted into bilirubin, which is then removed from the blood by the liver, and then added to the intestines to be excreted from the body.: Where does the heme go when an RBC dies?
68.
They are both dormant until activated, clone themselves once activated, and make memory cells for next time.: What are the similarities between B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes?
69.
They aren't born with any, and vitamin K is required to make clotting factors, in case they need surgery.: Why are newborns given an injection of vitamin K?
70.
things that want to hurt us: What are pathogens?
71.
to protect the body and clean up: What is the function of leukocytes?
72.
Too many red blood cells: What is polycythemia?
73.
water: Plasma is 90% what substance?
74.
When valine replaces glutamic acid at the 6th amino acid position in the beta globin gene.: Describe the sickle cell hemoglobin error
75.
white blood cells, less than 1% of total blood volume: What are leukocytes?
76.
With the correct antigen: How do you activate a B lymphocyte?
77.
With the correct antigen presented by MHC: How do you activate a T lymphocyte?
78.
yes: Do white blood cells have nuclei?
79.
Young erythrocytes that are filled with hemoglobin and released into the blood: Reticulocyte
80.
your bone marrow: Where are RBC made after you're born?
81.
your liver, spleen, and lymph nodes: Where are RBC made before you're born?
