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therapeutic digoxin range is 0.5-2ng/ml toxic level of digoxin in bloodstream above 2ng/ml advise clients taking Digoxin to eat foods high in potassium hold Digoxin if apical pulse is less than 60beats/min antidote for Digoxin Digoxin Immune Fab, Digibind increases sodium and water excretion by inhibiting sodium reabsoption. used for hypertension and perifpheral edema. Only use in patients with normal renal function thiazide diuretics patient's taking thiazide diuretics should eat foods high in potassium inhibit sodium and chloride readsoption from the loop of Henle and the distal tubule. have little effect on the blood glucose, howeer they cause depletions of water and electrolyets. incread urice acid levels and excretion of calcium. loop diuretics loop diuretics are more potent than the thiazide diuretics , causing rapid diuresis, thus decreasing vascular fluid volume, cardiac output, and BP loop diuretics are used in patients with hypertension, pulmonary edema, edema associated with heart failure, hypercalcemia, and renal disease. use with caution in patients taking digoxin or lithim and in clients on aminoglycosides, anticouagulants, coritcosteroids, and amphotericin B furosemide, Lasix loop diuretic cardiac glycoside Digoxin Warfarin sodium, Coumadin anticouagulant inject furosemide , Lasix, slowly because hearing loss may occur diuretics act on the distal tubule to promote sodium and water excretion and potassium retention potassium sparing diuretic with loop diuretics instruct the client to eat foods high in potassium instruct patient taking potassium sparing diuretics to avoid foods high in potssium medications used to treat hypertension, used to maintain renal blood flow. decrease sympathetic vasoconstriction by reducing the effects of norepinephrine at peripheral nerve endings resulting in vasodilation and decreased BP peripherally acting adrenergic blockers Tamsulosin, Fomax peripehrallly acting adrenergic block, treats hypertension the therapeutic does of heparin does not dissolve clots but prevents new thrombus formation administer heparin subQ in abdomen antidote to heparin is protamine sulfate enoxaparin, Lovenox antiocoagulant enoxaparin, Lovenox is administered where love handles warfarin, Coumadin anticouagulant medications that activate plasminogen, palsminogen generates plasmin, the enzyme that dissolves clots thrombolytic medications thrombolytic medications are used early in the course of myocardial infarction, 4-6 hours of onset thrombolytic medications are used in arterial thrombosis, DVT, occluded shunts or catheters, and pulmonary emboli streptokinase, Streptase thrombolytic medications antidotes for streptokinase aminocaproic acid ,Amicar medications inhibit the aggreation of platelets in the clotting process, thereby prolonging the bleeding time anitplatelet avoid use with potassium supplements and postassium sparing diuretics. these medications are used to treat hypertension and heart failure; administered for theri cardioprotective effect after myocardial infarction ACE inhibitors produce vasodliation, decrease preload and afterload and reduce myocardial oxygen consumptions. contraindicated in client with significant hypotension, increased intracranial pressure, or severe anemia. nitrates how to take sublingual nitrate place under tongue for pain and repeat every 5 minutes for a total of three doses. seek help if not relieved in 15 minutes instruct the client to swallow and not to chew or crush medication that is sustained released medication Metoprolol, Lopressor adrenergic blocker channel blocker decrease cardiac contractility and the workload of the heart thus decreasing the need for oxygen calcium channel blockers calcium channel blockers are used for angina, dysrhythmia, of hypertension verapamil, Calan,Isoptin, Covera-HS , Verelan calcium channel blockers lol beta blockers dipine calcium blockers amlodipine Norvasc calcium channel blocker increase blood flow to the extremities and are used in peripheral vascular disorders of venous and arterial vessels. most effective for disorders resulting from vasospasm , such as Raynauds' disease peripheral vasodilator Lovastatin, Mevacor antilipemic medication do not administer Lovastatin with gemfibrozil, Lopid discontinue use of lovastatin if not effective after 3 months Generic Name: diltiazem calcium channel blocker Generic Name: nifedipine (nye FED i peen) Brand names: Adalat CC, Afeditab CR, Nifediac CC, Nifedical XL, Procardia, Procardia XL, Adalat calcium channel blocker Generic Name: verapamil (oral) (ver AP a mil) Brand names: Calan, Calan SR, Covera-HS, Isoptin SR, Verelan, Verelan PM, Isoptin, Isoptin I.V. calcium channel blocker Verapamil is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), and certain heart rhythm disorders Diltiazem is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), and certain heart rhythm disorders Nifedipine is used to treat hypertension and to treat angina HMG-COA reductase inhibitor that reduces cholesterol Lipitor Generic Name: aspirin and carisoprodol soma Generic Name: hydrochlorothiazide (hye dro klor o THY a zide) Brand names: Aquazide H, HydroDIURIL, Microzide, is a diuretic and treats fluid retention in people with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, or kidney disorders, or edema caused by taking steroids or estrogen. This medication is also used to treat hypertension Generic Name: spironolactone (spir ON oh LAK tone) Brand Names: Aldactone potassium-sparing diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from absorbing too much salt and keeps your potassium levels from getting too low Generic Name: clonidine (transdermal) (KLOE ni deen ) Brand Names: Catapres-TTS-1, Catapres-TTS-2, Catapres-TTS-3 Clonidine lowers blood pressure by decreasing the levels of certain chemicals in your blood. This allows your blood vessels to relax and your heart to beat more slowly and easily. Propranolol is in a group of drugs called beta-blockers. Beta-blockers affect heart and circulation Propranolol is used to treat tremors, angina (chest pain), hypertension (high blood pressure), heart rhythm disorders, and other heart or circulatory conditions. It is also used to treat or prevent heart attack, and to reduce the severity and frequency of migraine headaches. Generic Name: captopril (KAP toe pril) Brand Names: Capoten treats is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), congestive heart failure, kidney problems caused by diabetes, and to improve survival after a heart attack