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97% of all animals are _______________. Invertebrates 3% of all animals are ________________. Vertebrates Animal Characteristics Multicellular Eukaryotic (has a nucleus) Consumers Mobile ALL reproduce sexually, some can asexually To be a plant, #'s 3 & 4 would change All animals have these characteristics at some point in their lives. Herbivore An animal that eats plants. Ex: Cow, horse They must eat very often. Carnivore Animals that eat meat. Ex: Sharks, lions They don't have to eat as often. Omnivores Animals that eat both plants and animals. (Humans) Detrivore Animals that eat decaying matter. Ex: Worms, millipedes Physical adaptations of animals Outer coverings Sharp quills Size Mimicry Camouflage Behavioral adaptations of animals Chemical sprays Speed Traveling in groups Symmetry How an animal's body parts are arranged. Asymmetry Organisms with no definite shape. Ex: Sponges Radial symmetry Body parts arranged in a circle around a certain point. Think pizza. No head or tail. Ex: Starfish, sea urchins Bilateral symmetry Can be divided into right and left halves that are mirror images. Most common type. Ex: Humans, butterflies. Anterior Front end Posterior Tail end Ventral Belly side Dorsal Back side Most members of the phylum Porifera live in ______, ________, __________, _________ ________. Clear, warm, shallow, salt water Poriferans are __________. Sessile Sessile To live attached to one place for your whole life Body structure of Porifera Collar cells- line the inside Osculum- the opening at the top Pores- absorb water for the bacteria Sponges are _______ feeders. Filter Sponges can reproduce ___________ and ______________. Sexually and asexually Hermaphrodite An animal that produces both sperm and egg Ex: Snail, sponge, earthworm Sponges produce asexualy through __________ and ____________. Budding, regeneration Sponge larva are ______ in size and use _____ to move to spot on the ______ _______. Tiny, cilia, ocean floor Uses of sponges Hermit crabs Painting Bathing Applying makeup Cnidaria means Stinging cells Porifera means Pore-bearing [sponges] Examples of Cnidarians Jellyfish Portuguese Man-of-war Hydras Coral Sea Anemone The protective case formed around coral is calcium carbonate, also known as ___________. Limestone Cnidarians have _ body forms 2 Cnidarians' 2 body forms are the _______ and _________. Polyp, medusa The polyp is ______-shaped, ________, and sea anemones, coral, and hydras never leave this stage. Vase, sessile The medusa is ______-shaped and _______-swimming Bell, free Cnidarians have _ body opening(s) 1 Cnidarians have _______ symmetry. Radial Cnidarians have ____________ with stinging cells to capture food. Tentacles Coral reefs protect __________. Beaches Coral reefs are great for ________. Tourism Coral reefs provide ________ for sea life. Habitat ______ ________ ______- Biggest coral reef in the world, off the coast of ___________. Great Barrier Reef Lagoon Area between the reef and the island, very calm waters Platyhelminthes means Flatworms Examples of Platyhelminthes Planarians Flukes (parasitic) Tapeworms (parasitic) Planaria are Free-living Harmless Found in Willow Park under rocks in the stream Capable of regeneration Problems from flukes -________________ (swimmer's itch) Larvae infect ________, then humans go in infected waters Schistosomiasis, snails Tapeworm life cycle Cow eats egg Forms cyst around worm Butcher shop Meat inspector Steaks (rare) Stomach Small intestine Feces (Flush toilets, sewage treatment) Grass Reasons Americans don't usually get tapeworm We cook meat well. Medicine is available. Sewage treatment Meat inspector Flatworms can be __________ or free-__________. Parasitic, free living Nematoda means Roundworms Roundworms are mostly free-________, and are very abundant in _____. They are ________at both ends, with a _____ within a tube body plan. They have 2 body openings; the _______ and the ______. There are ___________ sexes. Living, soil, tapered, tube, mouth, anus, separate Hookworm- a parasitic ___________ which enters the host through bare _____ from contaminated ______. It sucks the blood from the host's intestine. Nematode, feet, soil Ascaris worm- a parasitic _________ transferred through _______. 1 million infected worldwide. Nematode, waste Trichina worm (trichinosis)- a parasitic __________ carried in pigs. The worms form _____ in human _______, causing pain. Prevention: cook _____ thoroughly. Nematode, cysts, muscles, pork Pinworms- a parasitic _________, _______ all over the world. Causes ________ of the ____. Common in ______ _________. Live in the ______ intestine. Prevention: wash ______ often. Nematode, common, itching, rear, young children, large, hands Guinnea worm is only in ________. Africa Heartworm is common in ______ and cats and is spread through ___________. Dogs, mosquitos Molluska means __________________. Soft-bodies General characteristics of phylum Molluska Gills to breathe Open circulatory system- like a sponge, no tubes Mantle- a thin layer of tissue that covers the body and make the shell Sensory organs Muscular foot Gastropods are part of the phylum _____________. They have _ or no shell and they are ______________. <-- (What they eat) Molluska, 1, herbivores Gastropods feed using a _________, a _____-like mouth part. They lay down trails of ________ to protect their soft bodies from getting ___________. Radula, file, slime, scratched Examples of Gastropods snails sea slugs garden slugs conchs whelks abalones Bivalves are a member of the phylum ____________. Molluska Bivalves have __ shell(s), are ______-feeders, and are edible. 2, filter To escape, __________ can burrow down in the sand. To swim, they can clap their _______ together. Bivalves, shells Scallops, clams (can't swim), mussels, and oysters (a grain of sand causes a pearl to form) are __________ of the phylum _____________. Bivalves, Molluska _____________ are the most specialized mollusks, with tentacles, all are ___________, with ________ circulatory systems, they move by _____ ____________. Cephalopods, predators, closed, jet propulsion Examples of Cephalopods Squid, octupi, chambered nautilus Members of the Phylum Annelida Leeches, earthworms, marine worms ___________ means segmented worms or little rings. Annelida Setae Tiny hair-like structures that help hold the worm in its burrow. Annelids are ___________, meaning they have both sperm and eggs. Hermaphrodites _____________ means jointed foot. Arthropoda 90% of all animals belong to the phylum ____________. Arthropoda Characteristics of Arthropoda Segmented bodies Exoskeletons Advantage of exoskeleton for Arthropods Covers, supports, and protects the arthropod Disadvantage of exoskeleton for Arthropods In order to grow ,the exoskeleton must be shed, leaving the animal soft and vulnerable until hardening occurs. This is also called molting. Classes of Arthropoda Insects Arachnids Centipedes Millipedes Crustaceans Insect characteristics 3 body regions: head, thorax, and abdomen 1 pair of antennae simple and compound eyes special mouthparts 6 legs Wings on thorax reproductive organs found in abdomen spiracles Spiracles Openings in the abdomen of insects where oxygen enters the body Complete metamorphosis 4 stages- egg, larva, pupa, adult Butterflies, beetles, flies, bees Incomplete metamorphosis 3 stages- egg, nymph, adult grasshoppers, crickets, mayflies, walking sticks Insect adaptations Mouth parts wings camouflage stingers defensive sprays Arachnids 2 body regions- cephalothorax and abdomen 8 legs no antennae or wings release enzymes into prey to turn their insides into a soupy meal Examples of arachnids Ticks Scorpions Mites Horseshoe crabs Mites are very ______ in size. Small Ticks are parasitic arachnids that can can cause diseases like ________ disease and __________ ____________ _______ Fever. Lyme, Rocky Mountain Spotted Centipedes Carnivores Flattened bodies 2 legs per segment Venomous claws Millipedes Detritivores and herbivores Round bodies 4 legs per segment Crustaceans 10 legs protective exoskeletons limbs regenerate all have gills Examples of crustaceans Crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, barnacles, pill bugs, water fleas Benefits of Arthropods Food source pollination of flowers Problems with Arthropods Insects are pests on crops damage property transfer human diseases _____________________ means spiny skin. Echinodermata Characteristics of Echinodermata Radial symmetry Move on tube feet all live in ocean most can regenerate body parts (often a survival strategy) no head or brain Examples of Echinodermata Sea stars (external digestion) Brittle stars ("starfish on a diet") Sea urchins sand dollars sea cucumbers