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Communication Is a systemic process in which people interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meaning. Content level of meaning Contains the literal message Critical thinking Examine ideas carefully to decide what to believe, think and do in particular siuations. thoughtfully, considers evidence, alternative conclusions and actions. Interpersonal communication Communication between two or more people Intrapersonal communication communication with oneself Process It is ongoing and always in motion, moving forward and changing continually. Symbol all language and many nonverbal behaviors, as well as art music. Anything that abstractly signifies something else can be a symbol. Culture Beliefs, values,understanding, practices shared by a number of people. guide how we prceive, think feel and act. Attributions Explanations of why things happen and why people act as they do. Meaning the heart of communication. the significance we attach to words, actions, people, objects and events. Interpretation the subjective process of explaining perceptions to assign meaning to them. Personal construct mental yardsticks that allow us to position people and situations along bipolar demensions of judgement. Stereotype A predictive generalization about people and situations. Ego boundaries An individual's perception of where he or she stops and the rest of the world begins. Particular others the viewpoints of specific peole who are significant to us. (Mother, fathers, teachers) Identity script rules of how we are suppossed to live and who we are supposed to be. Perspective of the generalized other how we see ourselves the collection of rules, roles, and attitudes endored by the whole social community in which we live. Critical listening we listen to form opinions, to make judgments, or to evaluate people and ideas. to analyze and evaluate information. Hearing the phyiological activity the occurs when sound waves hit our eardrums. Listening active, complex process that includes being mindful, physically receiving messages, selecting and organizing information, interpreting communication, responding and remembering. Literal listening Listening only to the content level of meaning and ignoring the relationship level of meaning. relational listening focuses on listening to understand how the other person feels is important in maintaing a relationship selective listening a listening style in which the receiver responds only to messages that interest him or her. pseudolistening pretending to listen Literal listening/ relational listening/ selective listening/ pseudolistening Forms of nonlistening Abstract symbols that are not concrete or tangible. Ideas, people, events, objects, feelings. (not the things they represent) Ambiguous symbols that are not fixed in an absolute way. words vary based on the values and experiences of those who use them. Arbitrary symbols that are not intrinsically connected to what they represent. (book has no natural connection to what you are reading now) Communication/ constitutive/ regulative rules Principles of Verbal Communication: Regulative rules regulate when, where, how, and with whom we communicate. An example of this would be that Americans in informal conversations might interrupt others talking. We learn what situations are ok for us to do this through regulative rules. Constitutive rules give meaning to specific kinds of communication. I know that someone smiling at me is a sign of friendliness through constitutive rules. Dual perspective The ability to understand both your own and another's perspective, beliefs, thoughts, and feelings. Artifacts personal objects awith which we announce our identities and personalize our environment. we craft our image-how we dress, the jewlry we wear and object we carry an use. Chronemics how we perceive and use time to define idenities and interaction. Haptics the study of the communicative function of touch Kinesics the study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and facial expressions Paralanguage vocal communication that does not involve words. such as giggling, groaning, or sighing, as well as voice qualities such as pitch and tempo Proxemics The interpretation of a person's use of space and distance.distances between individuals in different cultures and situation-norms for using space. Nonverbal communication all aspects of communication other than words themselves. Assimilation when people give up their own ways and adopt into the dominant culture. Diffusion borrowing from another culture Ethnocentrism the use of one's own culture and its practices as the standard for interpreting the values beliefs, norms and communication of other cultures. High-context communication style indirect and undetailed communication, typically seen in collectivist cultures Low-context communication style Language that is very explicit, detailed, and precise; generally used in individualistic cultures Resistance occurs when we attack the cultural practices of others or proelaim that your own cultural traditions are superior. Tolerance second responce to diversity. the acceptance of differences even though we may not approve of or even understand them.