| Term | Definition |
|---|
| inorganic solid | Characteristic #1 that classifies something as a mineral |
| definite chemical composition | Characteristic #2 that classifies something as a mineral |
| organized crystalline structure | Characteristic #3 that classifies something as a mineral |
| contact metamorphism | when rocks change due to contact with magma |
| extrusive igneous rocks | igneous rocks that cool at the earth's surface |
| lithification | the cementing together of clastic sediments |
| foilated | metamorphic rocks that have a layered or banded appearance have a - texture |
| angular conformity | tilted or folded rock layers overlain by flat-lying sediment |
| law of superposition | states older layers are on the bottom and younger layers are on the top |
| disconformity | flat-lying rock layers overlain by younger sediment |
| relative dating | placing rocks in their proper sequence of formation |
| law of original horizontality | states layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position |
| nonconformity | older metamorphic or igneous rock overlain by younger sediment |
| geologic time scale | division of the earth's history into blocks of time |
| index fossil | fossils used to match rocks of the same age |
| unconformity | represents a long period during which deposition ceased, erosion occured and deposition resumed again |
| intrusive | rocks that form and cool below the earth's surface, making their crystal sized larger |
| extrusive | rocks that form and cool above the earth's surface, making their crystal size smaller |
| geothermal, wind, solar botanic | three types of completely renewable energy that would be good for Michigan |
| biodiesel, methane capture | two types of energy that would be useful presently while we migrate to completely renewable resources |
| chemical | type of sedimentary rock that would be formed from a drying up ocean |
| quaternary | time period that we're currently in |
| precambrian | longest period of earth's geologic history |
| cooling rate | The size of crystals in an igneous rock is mostly controlled by ____. |
| regional metamorphism | a change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to changes in temperature and pressure over a large area, generally as a result of tectonic forces. |
| volcanic | environment where we find the most valuable resources being formed |
| added oxygen | the appearance of algae altered the atmosphere and ocean in what way? |
| metamorphic rock | rock formed by the alteration of previously existing rock by heat and pressure |
| sedimentary rock | A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented togehter |
| igneous rock | rock formed by the solidification of molten magma |
| clastic | rocks that are cemented together |
| below earth's surface | igneous rocks with larger crystals cooled |
| above earth's surface | igneous rocks with smaller crystals cooled |
| volcanic and hydrothermal | in what environments doe mineral deposits form? |
| color, streak, luster, break, hardness | tests used to identify minerals |
| softest mineral | What does 1 represent on Moh's Scale of hardness? |
| burial, heat, pressure, metamorphism | forces that cause rocks to metamorphosize |
| sandstone, shale, limestone, coal | different types of sedimentary rocks |
| coal, oil, natural gas, tar sands | four types of fossil fuels |
| hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, wind | four types of completely renewable resources |
| sedimentary | type of rock fossils form in |
| precambrian, phanerozoic, tertiary | the three eras of the geologic time scale |
| 50,000 years | how long carbon dating is valid for |
| longer than life of earth | how long radioactive dating is valid for |
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