| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Intransitive verb | does not transfer the action of the subject to a word in the predicate |
| linking verb | links the subject with the predicate |
| proper noun | names a specific person place or thing that begins with a capital letter |
| a, the, an | commonly used articles |
| abstract | noun that names a feeling, quality, or idea |
| Action verb | shows action |
| action verb | tells what action a person or thing is performing |
| adjective | used to describe a noun or a pronoun |
| adjective | clause modifies a noun or pronoun |
| adjective | describes or modifies a noun or pronoun |
| adjective questions | what kind, which one, how much, how many |
| adjectives, adverbs, verbs | parts of speech that adverbs modify |
| adverb | clause modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb |
| adverb | part of speech never is a complement |
| adverb questions | when, where, how, to what degree |
| antecedent | the noun (or group of words acting as a noun) for which a pronoun stands |
| antecedent | The ___ is the noun or pronoun that a pronoun replaces or refers to. |
| antecedent | The gender of a pronoun must be the same as the gender of its ___. |
| appositive | phrase that identifies or gives more information about the subject |
| article | most commonly used adjectives |
| chronological | pattern used for a narrative essay |
| clause | group of words with a subject and a predicate |
| collective noun | names a group of individual people or things |
| common noun | used often and is usually not capitalized |
| common noun | names any one of a class of people, places, or things |
| compound noun | made up of two or more words |
| compound nouns | Mother-in-law, skyscraper, Eiffel Tower: two or more words put together |
| compare/contrast | pattern used for an essay about the beliefs of one program versus the beliefs of another |
| complement | word or group of words that completes the meaning of a verb |
| compound adjective | made up of more than one word |
| Concrete noun | can be perceived by any one of the senses |
| conjunction | links words or groups of words |
| definite article | the (it refers to a specific person, place, or thing) |
| demonstrative pronoun | THAT book is the best book I have ever read! |
| demonstrative pronoun | points out a specific person, place, or thing |
| demonstrative pronoun | The ___ points out a person place, thing, or idea. |
| dependent clause, subordinate | has a subject and predicate, but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence |
| direct object | A/An ___ is a noun or pronoun that names the receiver of an action. |
| direct object | receives the action of the verb |
| direct object | sentence with an indirect object has a... |
| direct object questions | what, whom |
| four | Every verb has ___ basic forms called its principal parts: the present, the present participle, the past, and the past participle. |
| future tense | The ___ conveys actions and conditions that are yet to come. |
| gerund | ends in -ing and is used as a noun |
| helping verb | that helps the main verb express action or a state of being |
| helping verb | added before another verb to make a verb phrase |
| indefinite article | a and an (refer to any one of a class of people, places, or things) |
| indefinite pronoun | pronoun that may or may not be already named |
| indefinite pronoun | refers to people, places, or things, often without specifying which ones |
| indefinite pronoun | A/An ___does not refer to a specific person, place, thing, or idea. |
| indefinite pronouns | Some ___ can be singular or plural. |
| indefinite pronouns | Some ___are always singular, some are always plural, and some can be either singular or plural. |
| independent, main clause | can stand alone as a complete sentence |
| indirect object | A/An ___ tells to what or whom or for what or whom an action is done. |
| infinitive | "to" followed by the base form of a verb |
| intensive pronoun | emphasizes a noun or another pronoun and is not needed for the meaning of the sentence. ends in -self or -selves. |
| intensive pronoun | A/An ___ emphasizes a noun or another pronoun in the same sentence. |
| interjection | expresses strong emotion or surprise |
| interrogative pronoun | introduces a question |
| interrogative pronoun | used to begin a question (what? which? who? whom? whose?) |
| interrogative pronoun | A/An ___ is used to introduce a question. |
| intransitive (action) verb | when no receiver of the action is named in the sentence |
| Intransitive verb | does not transfer the action of the subject to a word in the predicate |
| Irregular verbs | ___ are verbs whose past and past participle forms are not made by adding -ed or -d to the present. |
| linking verb | connects a noun or pronoun at or near the beginning of a sentence with a word at or near the end |
| linking verb | links the subject with the predicate |
| logical order | pattern of organization used for an expository essay |
| noun | the name of a person, place, or thing |
| noun | person, place, thing, idea |
| noun or pronoun | part of speech usually a direct object |
| object pronoun | A/An ___is used as a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. |
| object pronouns | Use the ___ me, her, him, us, and them in a compound object |
| organization | trait concerned with the order in which you present your ideas |
| past tense | The ___ conveys actions and conditions that came to an end in the past. |
| person | The pronoun must agree in ______with the antecedent |
| personal pronouns | refer to (1) the person speaking, (2) the person spoken to, (3) the person, place, or thing spoken about |
| personal pronoun | names the one speaking, spoken to, or spoken about |
| personal pronoun | Be sure that each ___ refers clearly to only one person, place, or thing. |
| personal pronouns | Pronouns such as: we, I, he, them, and it are called ___. |
| plural antecedent | Use a plural pronoun to refer to a ___. |
| plural personal pronoun | Use a ___ to refer to a plural indefinite pronoun. |
| possessive pronoun | A/An ___ is a personal pronoun used to show ownership or relationship. |
| possessive pronoun | shows ownership |
| predicate adjective | A/An ___ is an adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject. |
| predicate noun | A/An ___ is a noun that follows a linking verb and identifies renames or defines the subject. |
| preposition | relates a noun or pronoun to another word |
| pronoun | A/An ___ is a word that is used in place of a noun or another pronoun. |
| pronoun | a word that takes the place of a noun or a group of words acting as a noun |
| pronoun | takes the place of a noun |
| proper adjective | (1) a proper noun used as an adjective or (2) and adjective formed from a proper noun |
| proper noun | that names a specific person place or thing that begins with a capital letter |
| reflexive pronoun | A/An ___refers to the subject and directs the action of the verb back to the subject. |
| Reflexive pronoun | refers to, or reflects on, the subject of the sentence and ends in -self or -selves. necessary to the meaning of the sentence |
| regular verb | A/An ___ is a verb whose past and past participle are formed by adding -ed or -d to the present. |
| relative pronoun | begins a subordinate clause and connects it to another idea in the same sentence |
| Relative pronoun | introduces a subordinate clause |
| singular antecedent | Use a singular pronoun to refer to a ___. |
| singular personal pronoun | Use a ___to refer to a singular indefinite pronoun. |
| subject pronoun | A/An ___is used as a subject in a sentence or as a predicate pronoun after linking verb. |
| sentence fluency | trait has to do with sentence length and varied beginnings |
| spatial | pattern used for an essay about the structure of a cell |
| subject pronouns | Use the ___ I, she, he, we, and they in a compound subject or with a predicate noun or pronoun. |
| tense | A/An ___ is a verb form that shows the time of an action or condition. |
| transitive (action) verb | when the receiver of the action is named in the sentence |
| Transitive verb | transfers the action of the subject to a word in the predicate |
| verb | A/An ___is a word used to express an action a condition or a state of being. |
| verb phrase | something that contains one main vern and one or more helping verbs |
| voice | trait concerned with the personality of the writer |
| Who | ___ is always used as a subject or a predicate pronoun. |
| Whom | ___ is always used as an object. |
| word choice | trait concerned with using specific nouns and vivid verbs |
| subject | the part of the sentence or clause about which something is being said. |
| phrase | a group of words acting as a single part of speech and not containing both a subject and a verb. It is a part of a sentence, and does not express a complete thought. |
| participle | The -ing and -ed forms of verbs. The -ing form is called the "present participle". The -ed form is called the "past participle" |
| sentence | a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language; "he always spoke in grammatical sentences" |
| simple sentence | A sentence with one subject and one predicate. Example: The flower is red. |
| complex sentence | a sentence composed of at least one main clause and one subordinate clause |
| compound sentence | a sentence that has two or more independent clauses, joined by a conjunction (such as 'but', 'and') and/or punctuation (such as ',') |
| sentence fragment | A sentence that is missing the subject, the verb, or both. |
| run-on sentence | Two or more sentences in a paragraph without appropriate punctuation or connecting words. |
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