APWH Chapters 21-22
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Created by:
fallacychan on February 16, 2012
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AP World History Stearns Chapters 21 and 22 Vocab
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Asian sea trading network | prior to intervention of Europeans, had 3 zones: Arab based on glass, carpet, and tapestries; India based on cotton textiles; China based on paper, porcelain, and silk |
| Francis Xavier | Spanish Jesuit who worked in India in 1540s among outcaste and lower caste groups; made little headway among elites |
| Matteo Ricci and Adam Schall | Jesuit scholars in Ming court; skilled scientists who won few converts to Christianity |
| Toyotomi Hideyoshi | general under Nobunga; succeeded as leading military power in central Japan; continued efforts to break power of daimyos; constructed series of alliances that made him military master of Japan in 1590 |
| Tokugawa Ieyasu | vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; succeeded him as most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established Tokugawa Shogunate; established political unity in Japan |
| School of National Learning | new ideology that laid emphasis on Japan's unique historical experience and revival of indigenous culture at expense of Chinese imports like Confucianism; typical of Japan in 18th century |
| Deshima | island in Nagasaki Bay; only port open to non-Japanese after closure of islands in 1640s; only Chinese and Dutch ships allowed to enter |
| Robert di Nobili | Italian Jesuit who worked in India during early 1600s; introduced strategy to convert elites first; strategy later adopted by Jesuits in various parts of Asia; mission eventually failed |
| Hongwu | 1st Ming emperor in 1368; peasant lineage; originally named Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored scholar-gentry |
| The Water Margin, Monkey, and the Golden Lotus | Ming novels recognized as classics in their time; set standard for Chinese prose literature today |
| Luzon | northern island of Phillipines; conquered by Spain during 1560s; site of major Catholic missionary effort |
| Mindanao | southern island of Phillipines; Muslim kingdom able to successfully resist Spanish conquest |
| Ottomans | Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Balkhans; unified under Mehmed I: captured Constantinople in 1453; destroyed remainder of Byzantine Empire |
| Mehmed II | Ottoman sultan known as the "Conqueror"; conquered Constantinople in 1453; destroyed remainder of Byzantine Empire |
| Janissaries | Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered Balkhan areas, legally slaves; turned military service into political influence, particularly after 15th century |
| vizier | Ottoman equivalent of Abbasid wazir; head of Ottoman bureaucracy; after 15th century, often more powerful than the sultan |
| Safavid dynasty | originally a Turkic nomadic group; family originated in Sufi mystic group; espoused Shi'ism; conquered territory and established kingdom in what is now Iran; lasted until 1722 |
| Abbas I, the Great | extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology |
| Isma'il | Sufi commander who conquered city of Tabriz in 1501; first Safavid to be proclaimed shah (emperor) |
| Mughal dynasty | established by Babur in India in 1526; name taken from supposed Mongol descent of Babur, even though little evidence of Mongol influence; became weak after rule of Aurangzeb during early 8th century |
| Babur | founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530 |
| Akbar | son/successor of Humayn; oversaw building of military and administration systems that became typical of Mughal rule in India; pursued cooperation with Hindu princes; tried to create new religion to bind Indian Muslims and Hindus |
| Din-i-Ilahi | religion initiated by Akbar; blended elements of many faiths; key to efforts to reconcile Indian Hindus and Muslims, but failed |
| Sati | Indian ritual of sacrificing surviving widows with the bodies of their dead husbands |
| Sikhs | sect in northwest India; early leaders tried to bridge gap between Hindus and Muslims, but Mughal persecution led to anti-Muslim sentiments |
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