AP Psych Motivation & Emotion/Health & Stress
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Emotion | a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience |
| James-Lange Theory | the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli. |
| Cannon-Bard Theory | the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion. |
| Two-Factor Theory | Schachter-Singer's theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal. |
| Polygraph | a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion |
| Catharsis | emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges. |
| feel-good, do-good phenomenon | people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood. |
| Subjective well-being | self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life. |
| adaption-level phenomenon | our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience. |
| relative deprivation | the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself. |
| behavioral medicine | an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease |
| health psychology | A subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine. |
| stress | the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging |
| general adaption syndrome | selyes concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three states - alarm, resistance, exhaustion. |
| coronary heart disease | the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries |
| Type A | Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people |
| Type B | Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people |
| Psychophysiological illness | Literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches. |
| psychoneuroimmunology | study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health. |
| lymphocytes | the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 557) |
| coping | alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods |
| problem-focused coping | Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor. |
| emotion-focused coping | attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction. |
| aerobic exercise | sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety |
| biofeedback | a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension |
| complementary and alternative medicine | unproven health care treatments not taught widely in medical schools, not used in hospitals, and not usually reimbursed by insurance companies. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 570) |
| Motivation | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
| Instinct | a complex behavior that is patterned throughout a species and is unlearned |
| Drive-Reduction Theory | the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
| homeostasis | a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level. |
| incentive | a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
| glucose | form of sugar that circulates in blood and passes the major source of energy for body tissues; low level= hunger |
| hierarchy of needs | Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active. |
| set point | the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
| Basal Metabolic Rate | the body's resting rate of energy expenditure |
| Anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve. |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. |
| Refractory period | after orgasm, cannot achieve another organism |
| estrogen | a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity. |
| Achievement motivation | a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas: for attaining a high standard. |
| intrinsic motivation | a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake |
| extrinsic motivation | a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment. |
| industrial/organizational psycholgy | application of psychological concepts and motives to optimizing human behavior in workplaces |
| emotion | response of the whole organism including (1) physiological arousal (2)expressive behaviors (3) conscious experience |
| James-Lange Theory | our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousign stimuli |
| Cannon-Bard Theory | an emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience |
| Catharsis | emotional release; maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy relives aggressiveness |
| Adaptation-Level phenomenon | our tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience |
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