BIO 317 Endocrine Glands
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 GHRH/ GHIH | Peptide, pituitary cells that secret growth hormone, increased/ decreased growth hormone secretion |
| TRH | Small peptide, Anterior pituitary cells that secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone, increased thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion |
| CRH | Peptide; anterior Pituitary cells that secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone, increased adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| GnRH | small peptide, anterior pituitary that secrete lutenizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), increased secretion of LH and FSH |
| PRH/ PIH | Unknown/ dopamine, anterior pituitary cells that secrete prolactin (Increased/ decreased prolactin secretion) |
| Posterior Pituitary | Neurohypophysis |
| ADH | small peptide, kidneys, increased water reabsorption (less water is lost in the form of urine) |
| Oxytocin | small peptide, uterus; mammary glands, increased uterine contract; increased milk expulsion |
| anterior pituitary | adenohypophysis |
| GH or Somatotropin | Protein, most tissues; increased growth in tissues; increased amino amino acid uptake and protein synthesis; increased breakdown of lipids and release of fatty acids from cells; increased glycogen synthesis and increased blood glucose levels, increased somatomedin production |
| TSH | Glycoprotein; thyroid gland, increased thyroid secretion |
| ACTH | peptide, adrenal cortex, increased glucocorticoid hormone secretion |
| lipotropins | peptides, fat tissues, increased fat breakdown |
| B endorphins | peptides, brain; but not all target tissues are known, analgesia in the brain; inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion |
| MSH | Peptide, melanocyte in skin, increased melanin production in melanocytes to make the skin darker in color |
| LH | glycoprotein, ovaries in females; testes in males, ovulation and progesterone production in ovaries, testosterone synthesis and support for sperm cell production in testes |
| FSH | Glycoprotein, follicles in ovaris in females; seminiferous tubules in males, follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in ovaries, sperm cell production in testes |
| prolactin | protein, ovaries and mammary glands in females, milk production in lactating women; increased response of follicle to LH and FSH; unclear function in males |
| thyroid gland hormones | secreted by the thyroid follicles |
| thyroid hormones (T3, T4) | Amino acid derivative, most cells of the body, increased metabolic rate; essential for normal growth and maturation |
| Thyroid hormones | secreted by the parafollicular cells |
| calcitonin | polypeptide, bone, decreased rate breakdown of bone by osteoclasts; prevention of a large increase in blood Ca2+ levels |
| PTH | polypeptide, bone kidneys small intestine, increased rate of breakdown of bone by osteoclasts; increased reabsorption of Ca 2+ in kidneys, increased reabsorption of Ca 2+ from the small intestine, increased vitamin D synthesis; increased blood Ca2+ levels |
| adrenal medulla | ... |
| epinephrine primarily; norepinephrine | amino acid, heart; blood vessels; liver; adipose cells, increased cardio output, increased blood flow to skeletal muscles and to the heart; vasoconstriction of blood vessels, especially in the viscera and skin; increased release of glucose and fatty acids into the blood; in general, preparation for physical activity |
| adrenal cortex | ... |
| mineralcorticoids | steroids, kidney, increased Na+ reabsorption and K+ and H+ excretion; enhanced water reabsorption |
| glucocorticoids | steroids, most tissues, increased protein and fat breakdown; increased glucose production; inhibition of immune response and decreased inflammation |
| androgens | steroids, many tissues, of minor importance in males, development of some secondary sex characteristics, such as axillary and pubic hair |
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