AP Bio 2/3 Final
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91 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 How many percent of Guanine is present in chromosome 2? Ha unusually hugh adenine (40%) un DNA | 10% |
| Assume that the entire sequence of the chromosome is transcribed. Which of the following is true for the content of Adenine in the transcribed RNA? | the content of Adenine is not possible to determine based on the information provided |
| Which of the following is a primary organ or structure of the imune system? | Thymus |
| "Hairs" (such as trichomes) on the surface of leaves may limit: | evapotraspiration |
| You discover a worm-like organism that inhabits soil samples that has the following characteristics: segmented body and few bristle-like extensions. To which one of the following groups will you assign this organism? | oligochatea |
| Evolution is a product of: | phenotypic variation and selective pressures |
| Whcih of the following is NOT true of allosterically regulated enzymes? | They follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics |
| Why can glycolosis proceed under anaerobic or arobic conditions while the citric acid cycle only proceeds under aerobic conditions? | Under anaerobic conditions, NAD+ (for gycolosis) can be regenerated through the conversion of pyruvate into lactate. |
| If a child is blood type O, which of the following blood types is IMPOSSIBLE for either parent? | AB |
| Whcih of the following initiates blood clotting? | Mechanical or chemical damage to blood vessel endothelium |
| Glomerular filtration rate increases if: | plasma protein concentration decreases |
| An individual with rampant untreated type 1 diabetes is brought to the emergency room. Following an emergency injection of insulin of the following woul occur EXCEPT a: | decrease in blood pH |
| Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is correct? | at no time during the cardiac cycle are the mitral and aortic valves both open. |
| During supination the: | radius is rotated by the action of the deltoid |
| What is the diference between orienting behavior and piloting? | orienting movements are fast responses to geomagnetic stimuli; piloting is finding a way using familiar landmarks |
| Which of the following joints are present after birth but absent later in life? | epiphyseal plate |
| Mice fur coloration is a trait determined from 2 genes positioned on different chromosomes. Gene A has a dominant allele (A) for black and a recessive allele (a) for white. The dominant allele of gene B causes white colored fur regardless which of the alleles of A is recessive mouse. A homozygous dominant mouse was crossed with homozygous recesive mice. the offspring of this cross (the first filial generation or F1) were self-fertilized. What is the expected ratio of white to black mice in the second filial generation (F2)? | 13 white: 3 black |
| A complication of mitral stenosis (partial blockage of the mitral valve) is at first pass through the circulatory system (before returning to the right atrium) a thrombus dislodged from the left aspect of the interatrial septum valve may produce all of the following EXCEPT: | pulmonary embolus by occluding the right pulmonary artery |
| You decide to become an oceanographer and study the productivity of open oceans because they are so important on global scale. You tell your friend of your intended career switch. Your friend says, "But don't oceans have the same productivity as deserts? How could they possibly be important on a global scale?" Which of the following statements explains how bot you and your friend are correct? | because oceans occupy such a large percentage (-2/3) of the Earth's surface area, they contribute nearly half of global net primary productivity (NPP) |
| You have discovered a new insect that has the followiung characteristics: four membranous wings and long slender abdomens. To which one of the following orders will you assign this insect? | odonata |
| If a strand of DNA has the following nucleotide sequence--ATTCGCTAGACC--what will be the nucleotide sequence of micro RNA (miRNA)? | UAAGCGAUCUGG |
| The most significant carbon reservoir (sink) is: | photosynthetic ocenaic microorganisms |
| You are a genetic counselor and a couple has come to you asking for your advice. Female has rare disase of the eye that causes blindness: All jane's siblings have disease, her mother and all her maternal uncles have it, her maternal grandmother. Janes father doesnt nor janes maternal grandfather. Male of couple has no history of this disease in his family. Probability of couple's son going blind? | 100% |
| You contruct a phylogenic tree of various species of worms you discover at a refuse site using physiological differences. Your collaborator suspects that two groups that seem to be closely related physiologically are in fact significantly different. which of the following methods would provude the most accurate information to resolve this problem? | sequencing and anatomical comparison of the organisms |
| a patient previously diagnosed with graves disease comes to your clinic for a routine follow-up exam. your patient complains of nervousness, fatigue, and diarrhea all of which are worse when they forget to take their medications for Graves. Upon finding a goiter of the thyroid gland, you deaw a complete blood screen and assay iodine uptake by the thryroid gland. you expect to find the following: | decrease iodine uptake by the thyroid gland, decrease serum cholesterol |
| What evidence suggests that there is a critical period for song learning in some bird species? | individuals sing songs they are exposed to as juveniles |
| A UNIQUE feature of fertilization in angiosperms is that: | it is a double fusion event; one sperm fertilizes the egg, the other sperm combines with the polart or fusion nucleus |
| the anatomical structure of the pelvis differs between male and females, which of the following correctly describes the female pelvis as compared to that of the male? the feamle pelvis has" | a prominent sacrum, wider and rounder pubic arch, true (lesser) pelvis is deeper |
| Plant cells maintain their structural integrity partially by ____while animal cells maintain structural integrity partially by ______. | turgor pressure, cholesterol |
| A person suffering from nerve gas exposure is given atropine to counteract the effect. why? | atropine blocks the acetylcholine receptor whcih blocks the excess acetylcholine lingering in the synaptic celft |
| a beaver gnaws through both inner and outer bark, all the way around a tree trunk. why does this usually cause the envtually death of the tree? | the transport of sugars between leaves and roots is interupted |
| a yeast extract contains all the enzymes required for alcohol production. teh extract is incubated under anaerobic conditions in 1 liter of media containing: 200mM glucose, 20 mM adp, 40 mM ATp, 2mM NADHm 2mM NAD+, and 20 mM Pi (inorganic phosphates). what is the maximum amoutn fo ethanol that can be produced in these conditions? | 20mM |
| Lowering the level of a hedge with a hedge trimmer stimulates the hedge to become bushy because: | removing the apical meristmes makes less auxin which then allows lateral branches to grow |
| You mow the lawn with the lawn mower and during good growing conditions you soon have a mow it again. This growth is likely due to what growth region? | basal meristem |
| Laws in the US take up more land than cultivated corn Further: they require | they require a large amount of resources |
| Several artificial cells are created with various dimmensions. Which of the following dimensions would be most conducive to diffusion? A cell wiht: | surface aread of 8 and a volume of 2 |
| Why are there two primary pulmonary arteries leaving the heart and four pulmoary veins returning to the heart? | pulmonary venous return must equal pulmonary arteficial outflow |
| Whcih of the following will result after an extended period of vomiting gastric fluid? | increased excretion of HCO-3 |
| During the summer you conduct a study of a thermally stratified lake. which of the following statements is acceptable concerning this ecosystem? | H2S concentrations will be the highest at the lowest level of the lake |
| Joan and Claude come to you seeking genetic counseling. claude was married before, and he and his first wife had a child with cystic fibrosis, and autosomal recessive condition. a borther of Joan's died of cystic fibrosis and Joan has never been tested for the gene. If they marry, what is the probability of Joan and Claude having a son that WILL NOT be a carrier for or have cystic fibrosis? | 1/4 |
| The best description of the realtionships between fundamental niches (FN) and realized niches (RN) od two competing species that coexist is: | FNa>RNa; FNb>RNb |
| In the fox, there are 9 coat colors; red, standard silver, Alaskan silver, double-black, smoky red, cross-red, blended-cross, substandard silver, and sub-Alaskan silver. a red fox crossed with a double-black fox and their offspring were then crossed with each other. The F2 phenotypes were-10 red: 18 smoky red: 20 cross-red: 39 blended-cross: 9 standard silver: 19 substandard silver: 12 Alaskan silver: 22 sub-Alaskan Silver: and 8 double-black. How many genes are involved in the cross? | 4 pairs of genes |
| assume a person is placed on cortisol medication, a glucorticoid. How would you expect the rates of ACTH and CRF hormone production to change in person? | ACTH production would decrease, CRF production would increase |
| Carbon particles were onjected into the blood of mice. In which of the following places would you most likely find the particles? | in monocytes of the spleen |
| Kidneys provide osmoregulation for the body. Consumption of which nutrient creates the greatest need for osmoregulation? | protein |
| During translation in prokaryotes, the ribosome binds to | The Shine-Dalgarno sequence |
| The quaternary structure of a protein is determined by | interactions between amino acids of different polypeptide chains |
| which of the following is not a finction of the parasympathetic division of the nervous system? | stimulation of the adrenal medulla |
| You place a growing seedling in an east-facing window. On which side of the plants will auxins accumulate? | West side |
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all mammalian species? | Placenta |
| Suppose the lac repressor E. coli is mutated so that it never binds to the operator. which of the following is true? | the result depends on the conentration of glucose |
| You examine a leaf cross-section under a microscope and find many lossley packed cells. These cells have many chloroplasts and relatively thin cell walls. These cells are: | parenchyma |
| Which of the following would be most likely to increase competition among the members of the vole population in a given area? | an increase in the reproduction rate of voles |
| Tobacco mosaic virus has RNA rahter than DNA as its genetic material. If the RNA genome from a tobacco mosaic virsu is mixed with proteins from a human rhinovirus, the reult is a mixed virus. If that virus could infect a cell and reproduce, what would you expect the resulting viruses to be like? | Tobacco Mosaic virus |
| An amphipathic molecule is a molecule that has | a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end |
| The function of a molecular chaperone is to | bind to specific structures on the polypeptide in order to assist the folding of a protein into its correct three-dimensional shape |
| Ethidium Bromide is used in electrophorosis of DNA fragments because: | it makes the fragments visible under UV light |
| The species Homo sapiens first appeard in which geological spoch? | pleistocene |
| which of the following marine communities would be LEAST affected by the volcanic eruption or meteor impact that injected enough debris into the atmospgere to reduce sunlight by 50% for two years? | deep sea vent community |
| All of the folowing are modified stems except: | bulbs |
| which statement describing plant stucture is true? | sclerenchyma cells provide support for the plant body |
| the hardy-weinberg equilibrium principle assumes all of the following statements EXCEPT | for a given trait the frequency of dominant alleles is greater than that of recessive alleles |
| Professor Jones is running an experiment with his graduate students in his physiology lab. one group of students drinks a liter of water, another group drinks a liter of coffee, and a third group drinks a liter of concentrated salt solution. The volume of urine produced by all individuals in the three groups is measured over a period of several hours. at the end of the monitoring period, which group will have prduced the greatest volume of urine and which group the least | those who drank coddee will produce the most urine, while those who drank their salt solution will be produce the least |
| a protein is usually tagged for degradation by proteasome activity by which of the following proteins? | ubiquitin |
| Which of the foloowing statements is trie of territorial behavior? | "owners" defend mainly agains conspecifics |
| you extract RNA from liver cells and then carry out an agarose gel electrophoresis of the liver RNA. the RNA fragments are then transferred to an RNA-binding membrane using capillary action. next, you hybridize a probe for gene X to the RNA on the membrane. whic of the following statements regarding your experiment is true? | you are trying to determine if Gene X is expressed in liver cells |
| a toxin exists that inhibits the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. if this were used in an experiment to stop respiration, how many net NADH+ and ATP molecules would be generated from each glucose molecule up to that stage? | 4,4 |
| which of the following characteristics is an adaptation of temperate climatic zone plants? | dormant buds |
| which of the following statements is true: | a long day plant will flower if it has over a half day of darkness interrupted by a short flash of light |
| whci of the following is NOT a second messanger? | Magnesium Ion |
| the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle is equivalent to which of the following processes in reverse? | energy payoff phase of glycolosis |
| Which of the following below correctly ranks (from least to greatest) the contribution of the various ecosystems as to their "Average Net Primary per unit area (kcal/ m sq./ yr.)." | Open ocean, savanna, temperate forest, tropical rain forest |
| in the most terrestrial land species, parental investment is greater for female parents than for male parents. this is because: | females are typically 'K-selected', whereas males are more often 'r-selected' |
| which of the following is part of the edd-producing structure in plants? | the megagametohpyte in angiosperms |
| a booster dose of a vaccination helps to: | increase the blood antibody level by increasing the number of effector cells |
| the most phytoplankton in a lake would be found in which zone? | Limnetic zone |
| hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein in erythrocytes, binds O2 molecules. Myoglobin, a protein in muscle celss, is used for oxygen storage. what can be deduced about the relative oxygen affinities of hemolglobin and myoglobin? | myoglobin has greater oxygen affinity than hemoglobin |
| plant systematists have found that monocots were not the first flowering plants to evolve. this would suggest that: | evolution does not aalways proceed from simple to complex |
| in a certain population of 100 deer, 34 births and 25 deaths were recorded inone year. assuming no immigration or emigration occured, what is r for that population? | 0.09 |
| a patient is suffering from kidney failure. which of the following symptoms will most likely be present in this patient? | a higher salt concentration in the blood |
| all of the following are modified stems except? | bulbs |
| ATP is an important molecule in metabolism because | it has high-energy phosphate bonds |
| crossing over contributes to the genetic variation of a species by exchanging chromosomal segments between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. in the production of which type of cell does the crossing over occur? | gametes |
| in a population of 15AA, 25Aa, and 10aa individuals, the frequency of the allele a is: | 0.45 |
| a ribozyme is | sn RNA molecule that functions as a enzyme |
| vascular plants share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: | Development of seeds |
| all of the following processes involve hydrogen bonding except | all the above |
| of the cellular compartments listen below, which has the lowest pH | lysosome |
| what is the concentration of hydrogen ions at pH 5.7? (you do not need a claculator) | 2.0x10 to the -6 M H+ |
| amino acids and nucleotides form complex polymers. select all the statements that are TRUE | both contain nitrogen and may form helical structures |
| a variety of different techniques are used to seperate, analyze, and purify different chemical compounds. select all of the following techniques that can be used to estimate the molecular weight of a protein? | electropgoresis and size exclusion gel chromatography |
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