Williams - AP Geo Chapters 1- 4
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Created by:
CathyJWilliams on February 17, 2012
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Description:
AP Human Geo
Rubenstein
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68 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Habit | A repetitive act of a particular INDIVIDUAL |
| Custom | A repetitive act of a GROUP to the point htat it becomes a characteristic of that group. |
| Folk Culture | Traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogenous groups living in isolated rural areas. |
| Popular Culture | Found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain customs despite difference in other personal characteristics. |
| Homogeneous | Similar: the same in structure |
| Heterogeneous | Unlike:differing in structure |
| Taboo | A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom |
| Dowry | A "gift" from the family of a bride to the family of a groom as a sign of respect. In some societies, a requirement for a good marriage |
| Imperialism | the policy of seeking to dominate the affairs of weaker countries; to establish an empire |
| Demography | Study of population characteristics |
| Ecumene | Portion of earth occupied by permanent human settlement |
| CBR | acronym for # of live births per 1000 in population |
| Crude Birth Rate | what acronym CBR stands for |
| CDR | acronym for # of deaths per 1000 of population |
| Crude Death Rate | Term that "CDR" as an acronym stands for |
| NIR | acronym for % by which a population grows in a year, CBR minus CDR |
| Natural Increase Rate | Term that "NIR" as an acronym stands for |
| Doubling Time | Number of years needed to double a population |
| TFR | Average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime |
| Total Fertility Rate | Term that "TFR" as an acronym stands for |
| IMR | Annual number of infant deaths under one year of age |
| Infant Mortality Rate | Term that "IMR" as an acronym stands for |
| Life Expectancy | Measures the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current levels. |
| Demographic Transition | Change in a society's population from a condition of high CBR/CDR to a condition of low CBR/CDR |
| Agricultural Revolution | 1st one of these was when humans domesticated plants and animals instead of hunting and gathering; about 10,000 years ago |
| Industrial Revolution | Improvement in Industrial technology that transformed society (more from agriculture to industry); about 200 years ago |
| Medical Revolution | Improved medical technology and practices that changed world societies; about 50 years ago |
| ZPG | Acronym for the decline of total fetility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero |
| Zero Population Growth | Term that "ZPG", as an acronym, stands for |
| Population Pyramid | A bar graph that displays a country's population by age and gender; shape is controlled by CBR |
| Dependency Ratio | Number of people who are too young/too old COMPARED to those who are at the right age to work. |
| Sex Ratio | Number of males per 100 females in a population |
| Overpopulation | When population exceeds available resources |
| Contraceptives | Devices or Medicines to reduce pregnancy/birth rates (aka Birth Control) |
| Epidemiology | Branch of medical science concerned with deseases |
| Pandemic | Disease that occurs over a wide region and impacts a very high proportion of the population |
| Malthus | Last name of man who first discussed the possibility that population could outgrow food supply |
| Arithmetic | Type of density; The number of people living in a given unit of area or the total population divided by the total land area |
| Baby Boom | A large group born in the US between 1946 and 1964, just after WWII |
| Carrying Capacity | The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can sustainably support |
| Neo-Malthusian | Someone who believes that Malthus was correct and that we will run out of various resources not just food; often an advocate of population control programs. |
| Physiologic | Type of density that shows a ratio of total population divided by the total of arable land |
| Agricultural | Type of density that shows a ratio of the total number of farmers divided by the total arable land. |
| Arable | Synonym for "Farmable" |
| Population Clusters | East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Western Europe are the 4 ________ _______. |
| Acculturation | the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture |
| Migration | Permanent move to a new location |
| Emigration | Migration out of a location. Also known as out-migration |
| Immigration | Migration into a location. Also known as in-migration |
| Net Migration | The difference between the number of in-migration and the number of out-migration in a country. |
| Internal Migration | permanent move with the same country |
| International Migration | permanent movement from one country to another |
| Interregional Migration | Movement from one region of a country to another |
| Intraregional Migration | Movement within one (the same) region of a country |
| voluntary Migration | Migrants CHOOSE to move usually for economic reasons |
| forced migration | Migrants are compelled to move by cultural factors. Example: Slavery |
| Chain Migration | Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same ethnic group have previously migrated there |
| Migration Transition | Changes in a society comparable to those in the demographic Transition |
| Push Factor | Induces people to move OUT of their present location |
| Pull Factor | Induces people to move TO a new location |
| Refugees | Forced migrants because of fear of persecution and /or death. |
| Floodplain | area subject to flooding during a specific period of time. |
| Intervening Obstacle | Environmental/Cultural feature that hinders migration. |
| Undocumented Immigrants | People who enter a country without permission. |
| Quotas | Limit on the number of people who may immigrate to the US during a one year period. |
| Brain Drain | Large Scale out-migration by well-educated people. |
| Guest Workers | Citizens of poorer countries who obtain jobs in Western Europe and the Middle East |
| Counter Urbanization | Net Migration from urban to rural areas. |
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