Civil Rights in the United States
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Voting Rights Act of 1965 | 1965; invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote and authorized federal examiners to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks; as more blacks became politically active and elected black representatives, it created jobs, contracts, and facilities, and services for the black community, encouraging greater social equality and decreasing the wealth and education gap |
| March on Washington | In August 1963, civil rights leaders organized a massive rally in Washington to urge passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. The high point came when MLK Jr., gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to more than 200,000 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial |
| Little Rock Nine | In September 1957 the school board in Little rock, Arkansas, won a court order to admit nine African American students to Central High a school with 2,000 white students. The governor ordered troops from Arkansas National Guard to prevent the nine from entering the school. The next day as the National Guard troops surrounded the school, an angry white mob joined the troops to protest the integration plan and to intimidate the AA students trying to register. President Eisenhower immediately ordered the US Army to send troops to Little Rock to protect and escort the students for the full school year |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places |
| "Bloody Sunday" | The day civil rights marchers were traveling from Selma to Montgomery and were met at the bottom of the Edmund Pettus Bridge and attacked by police |
| Freedom Riders | Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to work for racial equality |
| Thurgood Marshall | American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor |
| Black Nationalism | Spurred by Malcolm X and other black leaders, a call for black pride and advancement without the help of whites; this appeared to be a repudiation of the calls for peaceful integration urged by MLK |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal |
| Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated |
| Mohandas Ghandi | A 20th-century Indian man who helped lead his country to independence by using nonviolent resistance to colonial rule (Great Britain) |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites |
| Ku Klux Klan | a secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African-Americans from obtaining their civil rights |
| Reconstruction Amendments | 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution that were intended to solve problems relating to civil rights |
| Civil Disobedience | opposing a law one considers unjust by peacefully disobeying it and accepting the resultant punishment |
| Racism | Belief that one racial group is superior to another |
| Prejudice | an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts |
| Bigotry | intolerance toward those who are different |
| Boycott | Refusal to buy or use a certain product; Refusal to shop in a certain store |
| Bias | a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation |
| Stereotype | A generalized belief about a group of people |
| Discrimination | unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice |
| Sit-In | The act of occupying seats or sitting down on the floor of an establishment as a form of organized protest |
| Assassination | The killing of a political leader or other public figure |
| Lynch | to kill by hanging without due process of the law |
| SCLC | Southern Christian Leadership Conference, churches link together to inform blacks about changes in the Civil Rights Movement, led by MLK Jr., was a success |
| SNCC | (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee)-a group established in 1960 to promote and use non-violent means to protest racial discrimination; they were the ones primarily responsible for creating the sit-in movement |
| CORE | an organization founded by James Leonard Farmer in 1942 to work for racial equality; Congress of Racial Equality |
| 24th Amendment | Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1964) eliminated the poll tax as a prerequisite to vote in national elections |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott | protest in 1955-1956 by African Americans against racial segregation in bus system of Montgomery, Alabama |
| Children's March | March that took place in Birmingham, AL in 1963 where children fought back against the injustice of segregation in Birmingham. Their nonviolent protest was met with fire hoses and dogs. This event became important because it gave national attention to the violence taking place in the South |
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