Ch. 2 Life Processes R. Boyle
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nutrition | the process by which the body takes in and uses food |
| transport | to carry or move from one place to another |
| respiration | the process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain |
| excretion | the process by which wastes are removed from the body |
| adaptations | the behaviors and physical characteristics that allow organisms to live successfully in their environments |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| cholorphyll | green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis |
| chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| thykaloids | membrane discs containing plant pigments; coin-like structures |
| grana | stacks of thylakoids |
| stroma | The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. |
| carotene | has a yellow-orange color and is primarily found in the palms and the soles |
| glucose | the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. |
| stomata | the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move |
| palisade layer | the layer of cells in a leaf where most photosynthesis occurs |
| intercellular digestion | proces in which protozoans digest tthei r food. Lyosomes enclose themeselves arounda food particle and release digestive enzymes. Unusuable products are taken out of the vaucole |
| extracellular digestion | digestion that takes place outside of the cell |
| psuedopods | extensions of cytoplasm for movement and feeding |
| phagocytosis | process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
| equilibrium | a state of balance |
| pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment |
| circulation | Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis. |
| fermentation | process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen |
| cyclosis | streaming movement within cell that allows for transport in the cytoplasm |
| anaerobic respiration | Respiration that does not require oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | Respiration that requires oxygen |
| hemoglobin | iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells |
| limiting factors | Conditions in the environment that put limits on where an organism can live |
| climax community | a stable mature community that undergoes little or no change in species over time |
| abiotic | non-living |
| succession | the series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time |
| carrying capacity | largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support |
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