Marine Science Unit 6: Marine Invertebrates
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59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Kingdom Animalia | Organisms in this kingdom are all multicellular, have cells without cell walls and are all heterotrophic |
| Cambrian | Geologic time period when most invertebrate animal phyla appeared on Earth; occurred approximately 540 million years ago |
| Phylum Arthropoda | Phylum that includes crabs, shrimp, sea spiders, etc |
| Phylum Cnidaria | Phylum that includes jellyfishes, corals, sea anemones, and hydroids |
| Phylum Echinodermata | Phylum that includes seastars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, and feather stars |
| Phylum Molluska | Phylum that includes clams, snails, nudibranchs, squids and octopuses |
| Phylum Porifera | Phylum that includes sponges |
| Blastula | A hollow sphere of cells formed during an early stage of embryonic development in animals. |
| Gastrula | The second stage in embryonic development in which the ectoderm, endoderm, and blastopore are established either by folding in of the blastula |
| Protostome | Animal whose blastopore becomes the mouth during development |
| Deuterostome | Animal whose blastopore becomes the anis during development (includes echinoderms and chordates) |
| Dorsal | Top or back of a bilateral animal |
| Ventral | Bottom or belly side of a bilateral animal |
| Anterior | Head region of a bilateral animal |
| Posterior | Tail region of a bilateral animal |
| Choanocytes | Flagellated cells within sponges that move water in and out of the animal |
| Sponges | Animal that lacks true tissue layers |
| Class Calcarea | Sponges with calcium spicules |
| Class Hexactinellida | Sponges with silica or glass spicules |
| Class Desmospongiae | Sponges with flexible sponging fibers |
| Cnidocytes | Stinging cells found only in cnidarians |
| Polyp | Sessile (nonmoving) body form of a cnidarian (anemone is an example) |
| Medusa | Motile (free moving) body form of a cnidarian (jellyfish is an example) |
| Epidermis | Outer tissue layer of a cnidarian |
| Gastrodermis | Inner tissue layer of a cnidarian |
| Class Anthozoa | Cnidarian class that includes sea anemones and corals |
| Class Scyphozoa | Cnidarian class that includes true jellyfish |
| Class Hydrozoa | Cnidarian class that includes hydroids |
| Class Cubozoa | Cnidarian class that includes box jellies |
| Phylum Annelida | Phylum that includes segmented worms |
| Class Gastropoda | Mollusk class that includes snails, slugs and nudibranchs |
| Class Bivalvia | Mollusk class that includes clams, oysters, and scallops |
| Class Cephalopoda | Mollusk class that includes squids and octopuses |
| Class Polyplacophora | Mollusk class that includes chitons |
| Mantle | Main body of a squid; responsible for making its shell (pen) |
| Tentacles | Two longer appendages of a squid |
| Arms | Eight shorter appendages of a squid |
| Siphon | Tube used by squids for jet propulsion |
| Phylum Arthropoda | Members of this animal phylum have segmented bodies, a chitinous exoskeleton, and jointed appendages |
| Chitin | Main component of the arthropod exoskeleton |
| Molting | Process where an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton in order to grow |
| Uropod | Tail fin of a crayfish |
| Telson | Middle part of a crayfish's tail |
| Abdomen | Muscular tail of a crayfish |
| Carapace | Shell that covers the body and head of a crayfish |
| Subphylum Crustacea | Arthropod subphylum that includes crabs, lobsters, and shrimp |
| Ventral Nerve Cord | Main feature of the arthropod nervous system |
| Pentamerous Radial Symmetry | Body symmetry exhibited by adult echinoderms |
| Phylum Echinodermata | Animal phylum that as the strongest ability to regenerate lost body parts |
| Water Vascular System | System of water filled canals used by echinoderms to move |
| Class Asteroidea | Echinoderm class that includes seastars |
| Class Echinoidea | Echinoderm class that includes sea urchins and sand dollars |
| Class Holothuroidea | Echinoderm class that includes sea cucumbers |
| Class Crinoidea | Echinoderm class that includes feather stars and sea lilies |
| Class Ophiuroidea | Echinoderm class that includes brittle stars |
| Phylum Chordata | Members of this animal phylum all possess a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord and pharyngeal gills slits at some point during their development |
| Subphylum Urochordata | Chordate subphylum that includes tunicates |
| Subphylum Cephalochordata | Chordate subphylum that includes lancelets |
| Subphylum Vertebrata | Chordate subphylum that includes animals with a backbone |
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