1.
Aerobic exercise: transform FG fibers into FOG fibers.
2.
Aging Effect: Muscle mass is slowly lost, replaced by fibrous connective and adipose tissue.
3.
Aponeuroses: flat sheets of tendon
4.
Atrophy: Muscle wasting due to lack of use. Myofibrils are lost
5.
Cardiac Muscle Location: Heart
6.
Cellular respiration: how ATP is made
7.
Contractile Proteins: generate force in myofibrils
8.
Contractility: ability to contract with force when stimulated
9.
Elasticity: ability to return to it's original length and shape after contraction or extension.
10.
Energetics: 1 molecule of ATP is used every time a cross-bridge breaks and reforms.
11.
Epimysium: Holds fascicles together
12.
Excitability: ability to respond to stimuli by producing action potentials.
13.
Extensibility: Ability to stretch without being damaged.
14.
Fascia: Dense irregular connective tissue that protects muscles.
15.
Fast Glycolytic Fibers (FG): Largest in diameter. White. Makes ATP anaerobically. Fast and strong contraction speed. Fatigue easily.
16.
Fast Glycolytic muscles: Muscles used for lifting, throwing
17.
Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers (FOG): Medium sized. Dark Red. Makes ATP aerobically and anaerobically. Fast contraction speed.
18.
Fast Oxidative-glycolytic muscles: Muscles used for walking, running.
19.
FG:SO ratio.: accounts for differences in physical performance.
20.
Functions of Muscular Tissue: Movement, thermogenesis, Storing and moving substances in body, posture
21.
Glycogen: Chemical found in sarcoplasm. made of chains of glucose molecules that can be released to make ATP.
22.
Hypertrophy: muscles get larger due to enlargement of fibers
23.
Isometric Contraction: Muscle generates tension but does not shorten. Maintains posture, support.
24.
Isotonic Contraction: muscle shortens in length. Produces body movements, moves objects
25.
motor unit: 1 neuron + all cells it stimulates
26.
Multiunit Smooth Muscle: Separate fibers found in blood vessel walls. Contracts in response to motor nerve impulse or hormonal stimulation.
27.
Muscle tone: tension in muscle due to weak, involuntary contractions
28.
Myoglobin: chemical found in sarcoplasm. Bonds to O2. Uses aerobic respiration to make ATP
29.
Neuromuscular Junction: Synapse between motor neuron and muscle fiber.
30.
Properties of Muscular tissue: Electrical excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity
31.
Regulatory proteins: Turn contraction on and off
32.
Sliding Filament theory: explains how muscle contraction occurs
33.
Slow Oxidative Fibers (SO): Smallest in diameter, least powerful, high myoglobin composition. Dark Red. Makes ATP aerobically. Slow contraction speed.
34.
Slow Oxidative muscles: Muscles used for posture
35.
Smooth muscle fibers: elongated cells. 2 types. visceral multiunit
36.
Strength Training: Increases size, strength, Glycogen, content of FG fibers.
37.
Stretching: Elongates connective tissue structures to add to elasticity of muscle tissue.
38.
Structural Proteins: keep filaments aligned, provide elasticity and extensibility
39.
Tendons: Dense regular connective tissue
40.
Types of Fibers: Slow Oxidative fibers, Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers, fast glycolytic fibers
41.
Visceral Smooth Muscle: Sheets of fibers in close contact found in walls of hollow organs. Fibers contract rhythmically