5 Written Questions

1. averaging across several observations, not just one
2. when the correlation is -1.0
3. too much diversity in what people were studying - failure in replicated Cattel's results - Walter Mitchell's book "Personality and Assessment" stays there's no such thing as personality
4. the amount of a trait which stays about the same
   ex. when 8 if your aggressive, your usually aggressive as an adult
5. during your 20's there are small but consistent changes -
   score higher on:
   1. agreeableness
   2. conscientiousness
   3. emotional stability
   4. positive affect
   score lower on:
   1. extraversion
   2. openness to experience
   3. neuroticism
   4. negative affect

5 Matching Questions

1. Hans Eysenck
2. Self-report
3. Correlation Disadvantages
4. Experimenter Bias
5. Experimental Advantages

1. a one problem with the experimental method - when an experimenter behaves in a way to elicit a response
   ex. comforting someone
   solution = double-blind study
2. b 1. cannot est. causality
   2. third variable problem
   ex. trying to make a correlation between rapes committed and the amount of ice cream sold could be affected by the third variable of heat
3. c 1. control for the third variable through random assignment
   2. can't est. causality
4. d most widely used
   ex. personality questionnaires
5. e clinical psychologist - Eysnecks Hierchial Theory:
   Psychoticism (cold, aggressive, anti-social)
   Extraversion (seeks the company of others) vs. introversion (avoids others)
   Neuroticism (worried, anxious) vs. emotional stability

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. exam the life of one person in great detail
   1. Taxonomies
   2. Case Studies
   3. Continuity
   4. Ethics
2. Openness to experience
   Conscientiousness
   Extraversion
   Agreeableness
   Neuroticism
   1. Ethics
   2. Change
   3. Big 5
   4. Theory
3. based on real world data, as well as archival data
   1. Projective Tests
   2. Self-report
   3. Observer Reports
   4. Temperament
4. when the correlation is +1.0 (though it can not usually be a perfect correlation)
   1. Negative Correlation
   2. Aggregation
   3. Positive Correlation
   4. No Correlation
5. present ambiguous stimuli and people project information about themselves
   ex. Rorschach ink blots; TAT (one we did for class)
   1. Observer Reports
   2. Archival Data
   3. Traits
   4. Projective Tests

5 True/False Questions

1. Hypothesis → statement/question about the conditions under which an event occurs

   True        False

2. No Correlation → when the correlation is neutral, meaning its a 0, then there is no correlation

   True        False

3. Reliability → refers to an individuals characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior, together with the psychological mechanisms (hidden or not) behind those patterns

   True        False

4. Change → an idea of how something works - should be generating research, make precis predictions, be falsifiable, be simple, and have a good track record

   True        False

5. Theory → words that we use to describe someone - use them to understand and predict behavior; they need to be stable across time and situations in order for the characteristic to be considered a personality trait - internal cause of behavior and descriptive summaries

   True        False