A&P Chapter 2 Chemistry
About this set
Created by:
bizeth on February 18, 2012
Subjects:
anatomy, physiology, chemistry
Description:
Test 2`
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66 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 element | substance made of only one type of atom |
| atom | smallest part of an element |
| proton | positive charge, in nucleus |
| neutron | neutral charge, in nucleus |
| electron | negative charge, in shell around the nucleus |
| atomic # | # of protons in nucleus |
| atomic weight | # of protons and neutrons in nucleus |
| ionic bond | electron leaves one atom for another atom |
| covalent bond | 2 atoms share electrons |
| synthesis reaction | bonds join 2 or more atoms/ molecules to make new compound |
| decomposition reaction | bonds are broken changing larger molecule to 2 or more smaller molecules |
| water | 60% - 75% of the body |
| water - dissolves | solvent |
| water - prevents friction | lubricant |
| water - has a high heat capacity | changes temperature slowly |
| water compartments | ICF, ECF, plasma, lymph, interstitial, specialized fluids |
| ICF | intracellular fluid |
| intracellular fluid | water in cells 65% total body water |
| ECF | extracellular fluid |
| extracellular fluid | other 35% of water in plasma, lymph, interstitial and specialized |
| plasma | ECF, water in blood |
| lymph | ECF, water that has separated from blood |
| interstitial | ECF, tissue fluid in small spaces between cells |
| synovial fluid | specialized ECF in joints |
| cerebralspinal fluid | specialized ECF around brain and spine |
| aqueous humor | specialized ECF in the eye |
| 21% | oxygen % of atmosphere? |
| cell respiration | uses oxygen to break down simple nutrients to release energy and create ATP |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, trapped energy for later use, all cell processes |
| glucose is broken down to | carbon dioxide, water, ATP and heat |
| hypoxemia | not enough energy in blood, leads to hypoxia |
| hypoxia | lack of oxygen in tissue, result of hypoxemia |
| acid | below 7 on pH scale, donates/ increases H ions |
| base | above 7 on pH scale, decreases H ions |
| body pH | 7.35-7.45 |
| buffer system | neutralizes strong base or acid |
| hydrogen | H |
| carbon | C |
| nitrogen | N |
| oxygen | O |
| fluorine | F |
| sodium | Na |
| magnesium | Mg |
| Phosphorus | P |
| Sulfur | S |
| chlorine | Cl |
| potassium | K |
| calcium | Ca |
| manganese | Mn |
| iron | Fe |
| cobalt | Co |
| copper | Cu |
| zinc | Zn |
| iodine | I |
| carbohydrates | CHO, monosaccharides (glucose), disaccharides (cane sugar), polysaccharides (starches), cellulose (fiber) |
| parastalsis | result of cellulose intake, contraction of muscles from the esophagus through the colon |
| Lipids | CHO fats |
| triglyceride | 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids |
| saturated fat | solid @room temp, bacon fat |
| unsaturated fat | liquid @room temp, canola oil |
| trans fats | hydrogenated fats, leads to atherosclerosis |
| atherosclerosis | cholesterol deposits in lining of arteries |
| proteins | CHON, made of amino acids |
| enzymes | proteins that are catalysts, end in -ase |
| DNA | genetic code |
| RNA | copies 1/2 DNA molecule to direct protein synthesis |
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