Chapter 3 Anthro
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SheremMota on February 19, 2012
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Alcaptonuria | A recessive genetic abnormality that results in the absence of enzyme that is involved in the breakdown of the amino acid in the body which is deposited in various organs of the body. |
| Alpha Chain | One of two polypeptide chains that make up the globin unit of the hemoglobin molecule. |
| alpha-feto protein (AFP) | A compound, produced by the fetus, that enters the mother's blood through the placenta. Excessive amounts of this may indicate neural tube defects and other fetal abnormalities. |
| Beta Chain | One of the two polypeptide chains that make up the globin unit of the hemoglobin molecule. |
| centiMorgan (cM) | A measurement of distance between gametes on a chromosome. One of these represents a crossing over rate of 1 percent. |
| chorionic villus biopsy | A method of analyzing the embryo by sampling the tissue of the placenta surrounding the developing embryo. |
| Chromosomal Sex | The number of x and y chromosomes a person has. ________ of a person with two X chromosomes is a female. The _________ of a person with one X and one Y is male. |
| Codominance | Situation in which, in the heterozygous condition, both alleles are expressed in the phenotype. |
| Cystic Fibrosis | A recessive genetic abnormality that affects the production of mucus in the lungs. |
| Duplication | Chromosomal aberration in which a section of a chromosome is repeated. |
| Electrophoresis | A method for separating proteins in an electric field. |
| Eugenics | The study of the methods that can improve the inherited qualities of a species. |
| Gene therapy | A genetic-engineering method in which a gene is altered and then inserted into a cell to correct an inherited abnormality. |
| Globin | A constituent of the hemoglobin molecule; the ____ consists of two alpha and two beta polypeptide chains. |
| Heme | A constituent of the hemoglobin molecule; each ______ contains an atom of iron. |
| Hemoglobin | Red pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen to and carbon from body tissues. |
| Hemoglobin A (hbA) | Normal adult hemoglobin whose globin consists of two alpha and two beta chains. |
| Hemoglobin A2 (hbA2) | Normal adult hemoglobin whose globin consists of two alpha and two beta chains that's found in small quantities in normal human blood. |
| Hemoglobin F (hbF) | A normal variant of hemoglobin, known as fetal hemoglobin, that consists of 2 alpha and 2 gamma polypeptide chains found in the fetus and early infant, it's gradually replaced with hemoglobin A. |
| Hemoglobin S (HbS) | An abnormal variant of hemoglobin A that differs from the latter in having a single amino acid substitution on the beta chain; known as sickle hemoglobin. |
| Hemolytic disease | Disease involving the destruction of blood cells. |
| Klinefelter Syndrome | A sex-chromosome count of XXY; phenotypically male, tall stature, sterile |
| Linkage groups | Sets of genes that are found on the same chromosome. |
| Multiple Alleles | A situation in which a gene has more that two alleles. |
| Plasma | Liquid portion of the blood containing salts, sugars, fats, amino acids, hormones, plasma proteins, and so on. |
| Platelets | Cell fragments in the blood that function in blood clotting. |
| Polymorphism | The presence of several distinct forms of a gene or phenotypic trait within a population with frequencies greater than 1 percent. |
| Regulatory gene | A segment of DNA that functions to initiate or block the function of another gene. |
| Restriction Enzyme | Enzyme used to "cut"the DNA molecule at specific sites; used in recombinant DNA technology. |
| Secretor allele | A dominant allele of the secretor gene. People who inherit this allele secrete blood type antigens into their body fluids such as semen, saliva, tears, and mucus. |
| sex-limited gene | Non-sex linked allele that's expressed in only one of the sexes. |
| sex-limited traits | non-sex-linked trait that is expressed in only on of the sexes. |
| Translocation | Form of chromosomal mutation in which segments of chromosomes become detached and reunited to other nonhomologous chromosomes. |
| Trisomy | In humans , male sex is determined by the presence of the SRY gene, which is located on the Y chromosomes. Persons who lack the Y chromosome, and hence the Sry gene, or who possess an abnormal allele of Sry gege, are genetically female. |
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