Terminology for Test 2
Order by
107 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Endocrine | Communication within the body due to release of hormones that travel a long distance in the body through blood. |
| Paracrine | Communication within the body arising from release of hormones from nearby cells. |
| Autocrine | Communication within the body where a cell makes and releases a hormone and then receives that hormone. |
| Juxtacrine | Communication that has a paracrine approach with a component of physical contact. |
| Regulated Hormone Secretion | Hormone is stored in secretory granules in cells and is released in "bursts" only when stimulated. |
| Constitutive Hormone Secretion | Hormone is secreted from secretory vesicles as it is synthesized (NOT stored) |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | Hormone that is secreted by the hypothalamus (to pituitary) and stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) - thus more thyroid hormones are made |
| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) | Hormone that is secreted by the hypothalamus (to pituitary) and stimulates the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to increase reproductive functions. |
| Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) | Hormone that is secreted by the hypothalamus (to pituitary) that triggers the release of growth hormone, which enhances metabolism and promotes growth. |
| Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) | Hormone that is secreted by the hypothalamus (to pituitary) to stimulate the release of ACTH from the adrenal glands. |
| Somatostatin (SS) | Hormone that is secreted by the hypothalamus (to pituitary) to inhibit the release of thyroid stimulated hormone (TSH) and growth hormone. |
| Dopamine (DA) | Hormone that is secreted by the hypothalamus (to pituitary) to inhibit the release of prolactin, which would cause milk production. |
| Hypophysis | Another name for the pituitary gland. |
| Vasopressin | A hormone that travels within the neurons between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to increase water preservation. |
| Oxytocin | A hormone that travels within the neurons between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to stimulate milk ejection and uterine contraction. |
| Adenohypophysis | Another name for the anterior pituitary gland. |
| Neurohypophysis | Another name for the posterior pituitary gland |
| Melatonin | A substance produced by the hypothalamus that affects wake/sleep patters and seasonal functions. |
| Keratinocytes | Skin keratin cells |
| Langerhans Cells | Skin dendritic cells |
| Melanocytes | Skin pigment cells |
| Vellus hair | Hair that is short and has no pigment. The follicles do not have adjacent sebaceous glands. |
| Terminal hair | Long hair with pigments that are androgen-driven. The follicles have adjacent sebaceous glands. |
| Erector pili muscles | Muscles that cause hair to rise (goose bumps) |
| Sebaceous glands | Glands that produce lipids to lubricate hair |
| Hyponychium | The quick of your nail; the seal of the nail bed at the tip of the fingers or toes |
| Lunula | The white visible part of the nail matrix |
| Eponychium | The cuticle of the nail |
| Vitiligo | Depigmentation of parts of the skin |
| Albinism | A genetic disorder with complete or partial absence of skin pigments |
| Melasma | Darkened macules on the face |
| Cellulitis | Infections of the epidermis, dermis, or hypodermis and related structures |
| Abscess | A collection of pus that with swelling and inflammation on any part of the body |
| Impetigo | The most superficial bacterial skin infection and often appears with honey-crusted lesions |
| Erysipelas | A superficial bacterial skin infection that extends into the cutaneous lymphatics, most often on the face or lower leg |
| Folliculitis | An infection (or irritation) of individual hair follicles |
| Furuncles | An infection of hair follicle and nearby skin tissue; small abscesses in skin. AKA boils. |
| Carbuncle | A collection of furuncles that usually occurs on the back of the neck; absecess |
| Necrotizing fasciitis | A life-threatening deep tissue infection generally caused by gram positive bacterial (e.g. S. pyrogenes, S. aureus). AKA flesh-eating disease. |
| Myonecrosis | A bacterial skin infection most often cause by Clostridium perfringens (or S. pyrogenes) that requires prompt medical attention |
| Tinea pedis | Athlete's foot |
| Tinea corporis | Ringworm |
| Tinea capitis | Scalp ringworm |
| Tinea cruris | Jock itch |
| Tinea unguium | Onychomycosis (toe nails and finger nails) |
| pruritic | itchy |
| Urticaria | Hives - lesions with raised, erythmatous wheals that are ring-shaped and blanch with pressure; very itchy |
| Angioedema | Rapid swelling in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissues |
| Eczema | A chronic inflammatory pruritic skin disease, which occurs most frequently in children. It can occur in adults and follows a relapsing course. It is often associated with elevated serum IgE levels and a personal or family history of type 1 allergies, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. |
| Psoriasis | A chronic, remitting-relapsing, inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by plaques (erythmatous, scaley, flaky lesions on the skin) |
| Melanoma | Neoplasia of the melanocytes |
| Myopia | Nearsightedness (longer than average axial length) |
| Hyperopia | Farsightedness (shorter than average axial length) |
| Astigmatism | Irregularities in the radius of curvature of the cornea |
| Strabismus | Misalignment of the two eyes |
| Hordeolum | Stye; a self-limiting, extremely painful abscess in a hair or eyelash follicle |
| Blepharitis | inflammation of the eyelids characterized by redness and swelling and dried crusts |
| Uveitis | Chronic inflammation of the uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, choroid) that often accompanies autoimmune diseases |
| Alopecia | Loss of hair |
| Hirsutism | Overgrowth of hair |
| Hypertrichosis | Presence of terminal hair in areas generally characterized by vellus hairs |
| Onycholysis | Detachment of the nail plate from the bed |
| Allergic conjunctivitis | Eye disorder characterized by watery discharge, itching, and a sensation of foreign body in the eye |
| Cataract | Opacification and loss of flexibility of the lens |
| Glaucoma | Excessive production of the aqueous humor relative to the drainage of this fluid, leading to an increase of intraocular pressure within the eye |
| Open-angle glaucoma | Glaucoma where access to the trabecular meshwork is still available |
| Closed-angle glaucoma | Glaucoma where flow of the aqueous humor to the trabecular meshwork is blocked (dangerous) |
| Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | A neurodegenerative disease that affects the junction between the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium |
| Rhinitis | Any inflammatory process in the nose |
| Sinusitis | Any inflammatory process in the nasal sinus; INFECTION INVOLVED |
| Acute rhinitis/sinusitis | Rhinits/sinusitis persisting for less than 4 weeks. |
| Chronic Rhinits/sinusitis | Rhinits/sinusitis persisting for more than 3 months despite treatments |
| Recurrent Acute Rhinits/sinusitis | Rhinits/sinusitis with exacerbations that occur four or more times per year and last 7-10 days per episode |
| Subacute Rhinits/sinusitis | Rhinits/sinusitis symptoms that persist between 4 and 12 weeks and resolve completely with treatment |
| Meniere's disease | An inner ear disorder that causes problems with hearing and balance |
| Acute Otitis Media | An infection in the middle ear characterized by otalgia and infected fluids in middle ear cavity |
| Otalgia | Ear pain |
| Middle ear effusion | Presence of fluid in the middle ear cavity |
| Otitis media with effusion | Uninfected fluids in the middle ear cavity |
| Pharyngitis | Inflammation of the pharynx often due to tonsillitis (viral or bacterial - Strep species) |
| Oral thrush | Oral and pharyngeal infection most often cause by Candia spp. |
| Croup | Inflammation of the larynx and trachea in children, associated with viral infection and causing breathing difficulties. |
| Epiglottitis | Inflammation of the epiglottis caused by H. influenzae; characterized by painful swallowing, fever, severe sore throat, and occasionally a compromised airway |
| Infundibulum | Another name for the pituitary stalk |
| Zona glomerulosa | The part of the adrenal cortex that secretes mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) |
| Zona fasciculata | The part of the adrenal cortex that secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol) |
| Zona reticularis | The part of the adrenal cortex that secretes androgens |
| Chromaffin cells | The cells that the catecholamines (norepi, epi) are secreted from in the adrenal medulla |
| Thyroxine | The full name for T4 |
| Triiodothyronin | The full name for T3 |
| Hypopituitarism | Total or partial deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones |
| Acromegaly and Gigantism | Excessive growth hormone leading the body tissues to gradually enlarge |
| Thyrotoxicosis | Excessive T3 and.or T4 serum concentrations |
| Graves' disease | The presence of antibody that agonizes TSH receptors resulting in excessive T4/T3 |
| Goiter | Enlarged thyroid glands (hypertrophy and hyperplasia) |
| Myxedema | The clinical condition with severe symptoms of hypothyroidism |
| Pheochromocytoma | Catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors |
| Primary Adrenal Insufficiency | Failure of the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. AKA Addison's disease |
| Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency | ACTH deficiency |
| Tertiary Adrenal Insufficiency | Lack of CRH form the hypothalamus |
| Hypercorticism | Chronic exposure to excessive levels of glucocorticoids |
| Hyperaldosteronism | Hypertension and hypokalemia cuased by an adrenal aldosterone-producing adenoma |
| Precocious puberty | Puberty in girls younger than 8 or boys younger than 9 |
| Delayed puberty | Lack of breast development by age 12 in girls or lack of testicular enlargement by age 14 in boys |
| Hypogonadism | Inadequate gonadal functions |
| Gynecomastia | Benign enlargement of the male breast resulting from proliferation of breast glandular tissue |
| Neurogenic diabetes insipidus | Abnormally low levels of ADH production from the hypothalamus |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.