Learner differences and Learning needs
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Disability | The inability to do something specific, walk or hear. |
| Handicap | A disadvantage in a particular situation sometimes caused by a disability |
| Intelligence | Ability or abilities to acquire and use knowledge for solving problems and adapting to the world. |
| G - general intelligence | A general factor in cognitive development that is related in varying degrees to performance on all mental tests. |
| Fluid intelligence | Mental efficiency, nonverbal abilities grounded in brain development. |
| Crystallized Intelligence | Ability to apply culturally approved problem solving methods |
| Theory of multiple intelligences | Gardner - 8 separate abilities Logical -mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist |
| Triarchic theory of successful intelligence | three part description of mental abilites that lead to more or less intelligent behavior. |
| Insight | the ability to deal effectively with novel situations |
| Automaticity | Learning to perform a behavior or thinking process so thoroughly that the performance is automatic and does not require effort. |
| Mental age | In intelligence testing a performance that represents average abilities for that age group |
| Intelligence quotient IQ | A score comparing mental and chronological ages |
| Deviation IQ | Statistical comparison of an individuals performance with the avg performance of others in that age group. |
| Flynn effect | Because of better health Smaller families, increased complexity in the environment, and more and better schooling, IQ test scores are steadily rising. |
| IDEA | Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act |
| IDEA | Free public education for all children regardless of disability |
| FAPE | Free and Appropriate Public Education |
| FAPE | Public funding to support appropriate educational programs for all students no matter the needs. |
| Zero reject | A Basic principle f IDEA that states no student with a disability can be denied a free public education |
| LRE | Least Restrictive Environment |
| LRE | Educating each child with peers in the regular classroom to the greatest extent possible |
| mainstreaming | Teaching children with disabilities in regular classrooms for part of or all of their school day |
| Integration | Fitting the child with special needs into existing class structures |
| Inclusion | The integration of all students including those with disabilities into regular classes |
| IEP | Individualized Education Plan |
| IEP | Annually Revised program for an identified student, detailing present achievement level, goals and strategies drawn up by teachers, parents, specialists and if possible the student. |
| Section 504 | Civil Rights law preventing discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, transportation, public access, local govt. and telecommunications |
| Learning Disability | Problem with acquisition and use of language; may show up as difficulty with reading, writing reasoning or math. |
| Learned helplessness | The expectation based on previous experiences woth a lack of control, that all one's efforts will lead to failure |
| ADHD | Attention-Deficit hyperactivity Disorder |
| ADHD | Disruptive behavior disorders marked by overactivity, excessive difficulty sustaining attention, or impulsiveness |
| Speech disorder | Inability to produce sounds effectively for speaking |
| Articulation disorders | Any of a variety of pronunciation difficulties such as substitution, distortion or omission of sounds |
| Voicing problems | Inappropriate pitch, quality, loudness or intonation |
| Emotional and behavioral disorders | Behaviors or emotions that deviate so much from the norm that they interfere with the childs own growth and development and/ or the lives of others- inappropriate behaviors, unhappiness or depression,fears and anxieties, trouble with relationships |
| Intellectual disabilities/Mental retardation | Significantly below average intellectual and adaptive social behavior evident before age 18 |
| Transition Programming | Gradual preparation of students with special needs to move from high school into further education or training, employment or community involvement |
| Cerebral Palsy | Condition involving a range of motor or coordination difficulties due to brain damage |
| Spasticity | Overly tight or tense muscles, characteristic of some forms of Cerebral Palsy |
| Epilepsy | Disorder marked by seizures and caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain |
| Generalized Seizure/(tonic-clonic seizure) | A seizure involving a large portion of the brain |
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