THCraig-Chemistry
Order by
102 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Chemistry | The study of matter and how matter changes. |
| Substance | A single kind of matter that is pure, always has the same makeup or composition. |
| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by physical or chemical means. |
| Atom | Basic particle from which all elements are made. |
| Chemical Bond | The force of attraction between two atoms. |
| Molecule | A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. |
| Compound | A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio. |
| Chemical Formula | Shows the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms. |
| Mixture | Two or more substances together in the same place, but there is no chemical bond between them. |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | You can see the different parts and they can be separated. |
| Homogeneous Mixture | The substances are so evenly mixed you cannot see the different parts. |
| Solid | Has a definite shape and a definite volume. |
| Crystalline Solid | The particles are in a regular repeating pattern and create crystals. Salt, sugar and snow are crystalline solids. |
| Amorphous Solid | The particles are not in a regular pattern and these solids do not melt at a distinct temperature. |
| Liquid | Definite volume but no definite shape. |
| Fluid | A substance that flows. |
| Surface Tension | An inward force in liquid particles that brings particles near the surface closer together. |
| Viscosity | A liquids resistance to flowing. |
| Gas | No definite shape, no definite volume. |
| Pressure | Gas particles pushing on the walls of the container. |
| Temperature | The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, which is a measure of how hot or cold something is. |
| Thermal Energy | Total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object. |
| Heat | The transfer of thermal energy from a warm object to a cooler object. |
| Physical Property | A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. |
| Melting | Change from a solid to a liquid. |
| Melting Point | The specific temperatute melting occurs in a pure crystalline solid. |
| Freezing | Change from a liquid to a solid. |
| Vaporization | Change from a liquid to a gas. |
| Evaporation | Vaporization that only takes place on the surface of a liquid. |
| Boiling | Vaporization that takes place both below and at the surface of a liquid. |
| Boiling Point | The temperature at which a liquid boils. |
| Condensation | Change from a gas to a liquid. |
| Sublimation | Surface particles of a solid gain enough energy to form a gas. Dry ice is an example. |
| Physical Change | When the appearance or form of a substance changes but no new substance is produced. |
| Chemical Change | A change that produces one or more new substances. |
| Malleability | Property of a substance making it possible to hammer or shape the substance into sheets. |
| Ductility | Property of a substance making it possible to draw the substance into thin wire. |
| Exothermic Reaction | Chemical reaction which results in the release of thermal energy. |
| Endothermic Reaction | Chemical reaction which results in the absorption of thermal energy. |
| Atomic Mass | the average mass of all the isotopes of that element. |
| Periodic Table | An arrangement of elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties |
| Nucleus | The center of the atom-contains protons and neutrons. |
| Protons | Positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Neutrons | Particles of neutral charge in the nucleus of the atom. |
| Electrons | Negatively charged particles moving around outside the nucleus of the atom. |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons in an element. |
| Chemical Symbol | One or two letter symbols representing an element. |
| Periods | Horizontal rows on the periodic table. |
| Groups | Vertical columns on the periodic table. |
| Metals | Good conductors of electricity and heat, often shiny and bendable. |
| Luster | Shiny and reflective. |
| Thermal Conductivity | The ability of an object to transfer heat. |
| Electrical Conductivity | The ability of an object to carry electric current. |
| Reactivity | The ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with something. |
| Corrosion | The deterioration of metal because of a chemical reaction. |
| Alkali Metals | The most reactive metals, so reactive they can only be found in nature as compounds (combined with other things). They are the metals of group 1. |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | Harder and denser than group 1 metals and melt at higher temps. They are the metals of group 2. |
| Transition Metals | The elements in groups 3 through 12. Most of these are hard and shiny and include iron, copper, nickel, gold and silver. |
| Lanthanides | First row of the two periods at the bottom of the table beginning with Lanthanum. Lanthanides are shiny reactive metals. |
| Actinides | Second row of the two periods at the bottom of the table beginning with Actinium. These are radioactive, unstable elements. |
| Transuranium Elements | Elements following uranium on the periodic table. These elements are made when nuclear particles collide. |
| Nonmetal | An element lacking the properties of a metal. |
| Diatomic Molecule | Molecule made up of two atoms. |
| Halogens | The Group 17 nonmetals, fluorine(F), chlorine(Cl), Bromine(Br), Iodine(I). The word halogen means "salt-forming". |
| Noble Gases | The Group 18 elements. |
| Metalloids | Have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals. On the periodic table they are located between the metals and nonmetals. |
| Semiconductors | Substances that can conduct electric current under some conditions but not under other conditions. |
| Energy Level | The specific amount of energy an electron has. |
| Isotopes | Atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons. |
| Mass Number | Sum of protons and neutrons in the atom. |
| Valence Electrons | Electrons in the highest (outer) energy level. |
| Electron Dot Diagram | Symbol for the element surrounded by dots representing the valence electrons. |
| Chemical Bond | Force of attraction holding atoms together. |
| Ion | An atom or group of atoms with an electric charge. |
| Ionic Bond | Force of attraction between oppositely charged particles. |
| Ionic Compound | Made up of positive and negatively charged particles with an overall neutral charge. |
| Chemical Formula | Group of symbols showing the ratio of elements in a compound. |
| Subscript | The number following a chemical symbol that tells the ratio od elements in a compound. |
| Covalent Bond | Chemical bond when two atoms share electrons. |
| Molecular Compound | Compound made up of molecules. |
| Nonpolar Bond | A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally. |
| Polar Bond | A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally. |
| Metallic Bond | Attraction between a positive metal ion and the electrons surrounding it. |
| Crystal | An orderly three dimensional arrangementbof ions. |
| Acids | Compounds that react with metals, taste sour and turn blue litmus paper red. Below 7 on the pH scale. |
| Bases | Compounds that taste bitter, feel slippery and turn red litmus paper blue. Above 7 on the pH scale. |
| Indicator | A compound that changes color when it comes in contact with an acid or base. |
| pH | Potential to attract hydrogen. |
| Neutralization | Reaction between an acid and a base, forming a salt. |
| Salt | An ionic compound formed from the positive ion of a base and the negative ion of an acid. |
| Reactants | The substances that undergo a chemical change. |
| Products | The new substances formed from chemical changes. |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | Matter is neither created or destroyed but simply changes form. |
| Precipitate | A solid that forms from liquids during a chemical reaction. |
| Chemical Equation | The use of symbols to show a chemical reaction. |
| Coefficient | A number placed in front of a formula in a chemical equation. |
| Activation Energy | Minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction. |
| Concentration | Amount of substance in a given volume. |
| Catalyst | Increases the rate of reaction. |
| Inhibitor | Decreases the rate of reaction. |
| Enzymes | A biological catalyst. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.