| Term | Definition |
|---|
| principle structures of the female reproductive system? | ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia |
| what is the uterus made of? | muscular myometrium |
| what holds uterus in position? | ovarian ligament and suspensory ligament |
| what connects ovary to the pelvic wall? | suspensory ligament |
| what is oogenesis? | ovum production (occurs monthly) |
| where does oogenesis take place? | ovarian follicles |
| what cycle is oogenesis a part of? | ovarian cycle |
| what are the steps of oogenesis? | 1. formation of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles; 2. ovulation; 3. formation and degeneration of the corpus luteum |
| what triggers the secretion of GnRH? | decline in progesterone and estrogen |
| what does secretion of GnRH trigger? | a rise in FSH and LH production, and beginning of another cycle |
| what does each uterine tube consist of? | an expanded funnel, the infundibulum, with fimbrae (projections); an ampulla; an isthmus; and an intramural part that opens into the uterine cavity |
| what lines the uterine tube? | ciliated and nonciliated simple columnar epithelial cells, which aid in the transport of materials |
| what must happen for fertilization to occur? | the ovum must encounter spermatozoa during the first 12-24 hours of its passage from the infundibulum to the uterus |
| what does the uterus do? | provides mechanical protection and nutritional support to the developing embryo |
| where does uterus normally bend? | anteriorly near its base (anteflexion) |
| what stabilizes the uterus? | the broad ligament, uterosacral ligaments, round ligaments, and cardinal ligaments |
| gross divisions of the uterus? | body, fundus, isthmus, cervix, external os, uterine cavity, cervical canal, and internal os |
| what is the largest portion of the uterus? | body |
| divisions of uterine wall? | inner endometrium, muscular myometrium, superficial perimetrium |
| describe the typical uterine cycle? | 1. 28 days; 2. begins with onset of mensus and destruction of the functional zone of endometrium |
| how long is the process of menstruation? | 1-7 days |
| what happens after mensus? | the proliferative phase begins and the functional zone undergoes repair and thickens |
| when does menstrual activity begin? | menarche (the first uterine cycle) |
| when does menstrual activity end? | menopause |
| what is the vagina? | an elastic, muscular tube extending between the uterus and external genitalia |
| functions of vagina? | 1. serves as a passageway for menstrual fluids; 2. receives the penis during sexual intercourse; 3. forms the lower portion of the birth canal |
| what partially blocks the vagina entrance? | the hymen (a thin epithelial fold) |
| structures of the vulva? | vestibule, labia minora, clitoris, prepuce, labia majora |
| another name for vulva? | pudendum |
| another name for prepuce? | hood |
| what do lesser and greater vestibular glands do? | keep the area in and around the vestible moistened |
| what creates the outer limit of the vulva? | fatty mons pubis |
| where are the mammary glands? | they lie in the subcutaneous layer beneath the skin of the chest and are the site of milk production |
| what is milk production called? | lactation |
| what stimulates milk production? | a combination of hormones, including prolactin, growth hormone, and human placental lactogen |
| where do the ducts of underlying mammary glands open? | onto the body surface of the nipple |
| when do mammary glands develop? | during pregnancy under the influence of prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and human placental lactogen (HPL) |
| what supplies PRL and GH? | anterior pituitary |
| what supplies HPL? | placenta |
| what does placenta function as? | a temporary endocrine organ, producing several important hormones and facilitate gas and nutrient exchange |
| what is placenta actively secreting by the time of corpus luteum degeneration? | estrogen and progesterone |
| what is another hormone the placenta produces? | relaxin |
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