A & P Ch. 6 The Integumentary System
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61 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 integumentary system | skin and accessory organs (hair, nails, cutaneous glands) |
| dermatology | scientific study and medical treatment of integumentary system |
| layers of skin | epidermis dermis |
| hypodermis | connective tissue underlying dermis; NOT part of skin |
| epidermis | keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (dead layer) |
| dermis | connective tissue layer |
| thick skin | where sweat glands are found |
| thin skin | where hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands are found |
| keratin | tough protein |
| acid mantle | keeps fungi and bacteria in check |
| vitamin D synthesis | associated with bone development and maintenance |
| cells of the epidermis | stem cells keratinocytes melanocytes tactile (merkel) cells dendritic (langerhans) cells |
| stem cells | undifferentiated cells in deepest layers give rise to keratinocytes |
| keratinocytes | most of the skin cells |
| melanocytes | synthesize pigment that shield UV (melanin) |
| tactile (merkel) cells | receptor cells associated with nerve fibers |
| dendritic (langerhans) cells | macrophages guard against pathogens (immune system) |
| layers of the epidermis | stratum corneum (top) stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale (bottom) |
| stratum basale | deepest layer of epidermis only location where stem cells can be found cell types |
| cell types of stratum basale | -keratinocytes -melanocytes-melanin picked up by keratinocytes -merkel (tactile) cells (touch) |
| stratum spinosum | contains dendritic (langerhans) cells -macrophages that migrate to the epidermis |
| stratum granulosum | contains keratinohyalin granules produces lipid-filled vesicles that release a glycolipid by exocytosis to waterproof the skin -forms barrier between surface cells and deeper layers of epidermis -cuts off surface strata from nutrient supply keratinocytes lose nuclei -> organelles die |
| stratum lucidum | thin translucent zone seen only in thick skin |
| stratum corneum | up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinzed cells especially resistant to abrasion, penetration, water loss |
| mechanical stress | accelerates multiplication of new cells (that push others towards surface) and produce calluses or corns |
| layers of dermis | papillary reticular |
| papillary layer | rich in blood vessels, leukocytes |
| reticular layer | deeper part of dermis stretching of the collagen causes stretch marks |
| freckles and moles | aggregations of melanocytes |
| types of body hair | lanugo vellus terminal hair |
| lanugo | fine, unpigmented fetal hair |
| vellus | fine, unpigmented hair of children and women |
| terminal hair | coarse, long pigmented hair of scalp |
| bulb | where hair originates |
| Eumelanin | pigment that colors brown and black hair |
| blonde | hair color that contains pheomelanin but little eumelanin |
| red | hair color that contains little eumelanin but lots of pheomelanin |
| white hair | caused by air in medulla and lack of pigment in cortex, mixture of white and pigmented hairs |
| piloerector muscles | goose bumps |
| body hair | too thin to provide warmth alerts us to parasites crawling on skin |
| scalp hair | heat retention and sunburn cover |
| guard hairs and eyelashes | prevent foreign objects from getting into nostrils, ear canal or eyes |
| nail plate | the clear keratinized portion of the nail hard part of the nail |
| nail matrix | stratum basale; growth zone |
| nails | derivative of stratum corneum new cells added by mitosis in the nail matrix |
| merocrine glands | simple tubular glands millions of them help to cool the body |
| apocrine glands | produce sweat containing fatty acids found only near hair follicles and respond to stress and sex (pubic hair, auxillary hair, beards) pheromones? |
| sebaceous glands | produce sebum that keeps skin and hair from becoming dry, brittle and cracked |
| ceruminous glands | secretion combines with sebum to produce earwax coats guard hairs of ears to make more sticky |
| mammary glands | found only during lactation and pregnancy modified apocrine sweat glands thicker secretion released by ducts open on the nipple |
| ABCD | used to detect possible instances of skin cancer asymmetry border irregular color mixed diameter over 6mm |
| 1st degree burn | only the epidermis red, painful and edema |
| 2nd degree burn (partial thickness) | epidermis and part of dermis blistered |
| 3rd degree (full thickness) | epidermis, dermis and more is destroyed often requires grafts or fibrosis and disfigurement may occur skin can only regenerate from edges of wound |
| UVA and UBV rays | improperly called "tanning rays" and "burning rays" |
| autograft | skin graft using tissue from another part of the patient's body |
| isograft | skin graft using tissue from identical twin |
| cultured keratinocyte patches | skin graft option |
| temporary skin grafts | homograft (allograft) heterograft (xenograft) |
| homograft (allograft) | temporary skin graft from unrelated person |
| heterograft (xenograft) | temporary skin graft from another species |
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