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The urinary system involves (4)... kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, urethra Superiorly, these sit atop the kidneys and are generally grouped with the endocrine system: adrenals Name the structural and functional unit of the kidneys. nephron What is the glomerus and what does it do? A component of nephrons that filter and process the solute rich fluid of blood. Each nephron is composed of an initial filtering component (the ___ ____) and a tubule specialized for reabsorption and secretion (the ___ ___). renal corpuscle, renal tubule Nephron : The ___ ____ filters out large solutes from the blood, delivering water and small solutes to the ___ ___ for modification. renal corpuscle, renal tubule The renal tubule is about 3cm long and has 3 named parts: proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule The ___ ___ each receive filtrate from many nephrons. These then deliver urine to the ____ which conduct it to the ___ ___. collecting ducts, calyces, renal pelvis The calyces, renal pelvis, and ureter all contian ___ ___ that contract rhythmically (peristalsis) to move urine of the kidneys and into the bladder. smooth muscle 5 Functions of the Kidneys: fluid filtration, waste and toxin elimination, enzyme production, metabolizing Vitamin D, regulating blood pressure 4 Steps of Urine Formation: Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, secretion, concentration A collapsible muscular sac that stores urine temporarily: urinary bladder There are three openings into the bladder, this area is known as the ____ - it is clinically significant as infections tend to persist in this area. trigone ____ are slender tubes connecting kidneys to the bladder. Ureters A thin-walled muscular tube that drains urine from the bladder and to its exit out of the body. urethra Concentration: ____ is released from the pituitary and its levels are adjusted based on the level of __ ___. ____ inhibits the release of this hormone causing excessive loss of ___ in the urine. ADH, body hydration, alcohol, water At the bladder-urethra junction, the smooth muscle forms the.... internal urethral sphincter The ____ ____ ___ surrounds the urethra as it passes through the uro-genital diaphragm. external urethral sphincter At ___ ml stretch receptors from the bladder wall begin to send visceral signals to the sacral region of the spinal cord. At ____ ml the signals begin again and at ____-____ml the choice to urinate is no longer voluntary. 200, 400, 500, 600 What should be found in urine (5)? water, urea, uric acid, creatine, ions What should not be found in urine (3)? RBCs, WBCs, bile pigments