Psychology Chapter Three
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 neurons | individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate and transmit information. |
| soma (cell body) | contains the nucleus and chemical machinery common to most cells. The bulbous end of a neuron. |
| dendrite | receives information and from other cells |
| axon | thin fiber that transmits information away from the soma to other cells. |
| meylin sheath | speeds up the transmition of information on the axons |
| terminal buttons | clump at the end of the axon that secretes chemicals called neurotransmitters |
| synapse | a junction at the end of the axon that secretes neurotransmitters |
| resting potential | the stable, negative charge of a neuron before action potential |
| sodium ion | what floods neuron in order to change its charge to positive |
| action potential | brief change in the neuron's charge that travels along the axon. They are all the same size; it is their rate of firing that changes. |
| Acetylcholine | the neurotransmitter between neurons and volutnary muscles. only one at muscular junction |
| dopamine | controls voluntary movement and plays a large role in reward systems of the brain |
| GABA | widely distributed inhibitory transmitter that also helps regulate sleep, anxiety, and arousal |
| efferent | motory output that goes through the ventral |
| ventral | front of the spinal code |
| afferent | incoming sensory input goes through the dorsal |
| dorsal | back of the spinal cord |
| hindbrain | part of the brain that handles basic, fundamental life actions |
| cerebellum | part of the hindbrain that organizes sensory info, but mainly guides movement, motor skills, balance |
| medulla | part of hindbrain that regualtes unconcious functions like breathing and circulation |
| midbrain | Network of nerurons. houses the dopamine system, integrates sensory info, alertness, arousal, eye coordination. |
| pons | located in the midbrain. big player in sleep and arousal |
| meticular (activating) formation | midbrain muscle reflexes, pain perception, sleep, arousal |
| ganglia | motor neural control center |
| thalamus | part of the forebrain through which the sensory information (not smell) pass through to reach the cerebral cortex |
| hypothalamus | part of the forebrain responsible for meeting reguating basic bodily needs. Homeostasis and pituitary gland. |
| hippocampus | part of the limbic system involved in learning and memory |
| limbic system | system involved in emotional experience and expression. |
| occipital lobe | visual cortex |
| parietal lobe | touch, body sensory, touch cortex |
| temporal lobe | sound cortex |
| frontal lobe | muscle movement cortex |
| corpus callosum | structure that connects the two halves of the brain |
| left | hemisphere of the brain associtaed with verbal processing |
| right | hemisphere of the brain associated with nonverbal processing |
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