Myers, 7e Chapter 11: Intelligence
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| intelligence tests | measure people's mental aptitudes and compare them to others' through numerical scores |
| mental age | the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance |
| Stanford-Binet | Lewis Terman's widely used revision of Binet's original intelligence test |
| intelligence quotient (IQ) | defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age mulitiplied by 100. Contemporary tests assign a score of 100 to the average performance for a given age and define other scores as deviations from this average |
| intelligence | the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
| factor analysis | statistical procedure that identifies factors, or clusters of related items, that seem to define a common ability |
| general intelligence (g) | according to Spearman and others, this underlies each of the more specific mental abilities identified through factor analysis |
| savant syndrome | a person has low intelligence score yet possesses one exceptional ability |
| emotional intelligence | the ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions |
| creativity | an ability to generate novel and valuable ideas |
| aptitude tests | designed to predict future performance by measuring the capacity to learn new information rather than measuring what you already know |
| achievement tests | measure a person's current knowledge |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) | the most widely used intelligence test; individually administered with 11 subtests yielding verbal and performance scores as well as an overall intelligence score |
| standardization | the process of defining meaningful scores on a test by pretesting a large, representative sample of people |
| normal curve | a bell-shaped curve that represents the distribution (frequency of occurance) of many physical and psychological attributes with most scores near the average and fewer near the extremes |
| reliability | the extent to which a test produces consistent results |
| validity | the degree to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to |
| content validity | the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest |
| criterion | the behavior the test is designed to predict |
| predictive validity | the extent to which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; AKA criterion-related validity |
| mental retardation | two criteria: IQ below 70 and difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent living |
| Down syndrome | common cause of severe retardation and asociated physical disorders; the result of an extra chromosome in the person's genetic makeup |
| stereotype threat | phenomenon in which a person's concern that they will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype; is actually followed by lower performance |
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