| Term | Definition |
|---|
| DNA | The information that instructs a cell to synthesize specific proteins is held in ____. |
| genetic code | The ________ _____ is the correspondence between a unit of DNA information and a particular amino acid. |
| chromosomes | ______________ are long molecules of DNA and associated proteins. |
| gene | A ____ is a portion of a DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making a particular protein. |
| enzymes | All four groups of organic molecules require genetic instructions because __________ control their synthesis. |
| genome | A ______ is the complete set of genetic instructions in a cell. |
| nucleotides | ____________ are building blocks of nucleic acids. |
| polynucleotide | A DNA molecule consists of two ____________________ chains. |
| adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine | The four bases found in DNA are a______, t______, c_______, and g_______. |
| adenine | In DNA, _______ always binds with the base thymine. |
| cytosine | In DNA, guanine always binds with the base _________. |
| histones | In the nucleus, DNA is wound around ____________. |
| replication | DNA ____________ is the process that creates an exact copy of a DNA molecule. |
| interphase | DNA replication occurs during ______________ of the cell cycle. |
| polymerase | DNA ___________ catalyzes the base pairing. |
| genetic | __________ information specifies the correct sequence of amino acids in a polypepetide chain. |
| triplet | Each amino acid is represented in a DNA molecule by a ______ code. |
| nucleotides | A triplet code consists of a sequence of three _________. |
| cytoplasm | RNA molecules function to transfer information from the nucleus to the ___________. |
| ribose | The sugar in RNA is ________. |
| adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine | The four bases found in RNA are a______, u_______, g______, and c______. |
| complementary | In the synthesis of mRNA, RNA nucleotides form _______________ base pairs with a section of DNA. |
| termination | Synthesis of mRNA stops when RNA polymerase reaches a ______________ signal on DNA. |
| transcription | _________________ is the making of mRNA from DNA. |
| Codons | ______ are three base sequences on mRNA. |
| ribosome | To complete protein synthesis, mRNA leaves the nucleus and associates with a __________. |
| translation | _____________ is the process in which the series of codons on mRNA are translated from the language of nucleic acids to the language of amino acids. |
| amino acids | Transfer RNA functions to align ______ _____in a way that enables them to bond. |
| anticodon | One end of a tRNA molecule contains an __________ and the other end contains an amino acid. |
| anticodon | An _________ is a three base sequence on tRNA. |
| 20 | There are __types of amino acids. |
| 64 | There are __ codons possible. |
| 3 | _ codons provide a stop signal. |
| protein synthesis | A stop signal indicates the end of ________ _________. |
| chaperones | ______________ function to fold proteins into their unique shapes. |
| mRNA | The number of protein molecules a cell synthesizes is usually proportional to the number of corresponding ____ molecules. |
| activation | Transcription factors control the ___________ of certain genes. |
| rRNA | A ribosome is composed of two subunits that contain ____ and proteins. |
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