| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Bi-continental | Means "in two continents" |
| Ural Mountains | Mountains in central CIS which form the border between europe and asia |
| Siberia | Part of the CIS in which people were often exiled to |
| Moscow | The current capital of Russia |
| St. Petersburg | The Russian capital from 1713-1918 |
| Kiev | The southern portion of Rus |
| European Rivers | These Rivers include the Volya, Dnieper, and Don, and create a Navigable Water Way |
| Asian Rivers | These rivers include the Ob, Lena, and Yenisey, and are not navigable, but do provide hydroelectricity |
| Lake Baikal | A Large lake in southern Siberia |
| Tundra | A polar climate which can be found in the arctic circle. No vegetation; low populatiom density; permafrost. |
| Taiga | A fairly cold, sub-arctic climate defined by evergreen trees, low population density, and extensive vegetation, but almost no farming |
| Asia | The western half of Russia is in this continent |
| Europe | The eastern half of Russia is in the continent |
| Steppe | A temperate climate defined by cool winters, warm summers, little rain, good farming, and a high population density |
| Polar Climate | The climate of the Tundra, characterized by a lack of warm summers |
| Permafrost | Soil at or below the freezing point of water |
| Slavs | Early inhabitants of what is now Russia, including: Russians, Belorussians, Ukrainians, Poles, Croatians, Slovaks, Czechs, Serbs, and Maravians |
| Rurik | The first leader of Rus; He's a viking |
| Kievan Rus | A medieval state centered in Kiev |
| Vladimir I | Considered the king of Kievan Rus. 980 AD |
| Russian Orthodoxy | The Russian take on Christianity adopted under Vladimir I |
| Golden Horde | a Mongolian army that swept over eastern Europe in the 13th century |
| Alexander Nevsky | A key figure of medieval Rus who beat back the Teutonic Knights |
| Teutonic Knights | An organization of German crusaders |
| Czar | The title of a Russian leader |
| Boyars | Rich land owners who strongly influenced the Czar; Ivan IV killed them all |
| Ivan III | The Czar from 1462 - 1505 who ends Mongol control of Russia |
| Ivan IV | Czar 1533 - 1584. Purged Boyars. Introduced the ideas of exploration and westernization to Russia |
| Oprichnina | The people who killed the Boyars for Ivan IV |
| Feudalism | Russia's economic system involving Czars and Serfs |
| Serfs | People who are bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord |
| Westernization | An idea introduced by Ivan IV involving the replication of western trade, technology, and education |
| Boris Godunov | Czar 1598 - 1605. Started serfdom. His death led to the time of troubles |
| Romanov Dynasty | The second and last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917 |
| Michael Romanov | Became Czar in 1613. Liked the idea of being Czar, but didn't like the politics |
| Peter the Great | Czar 1696 - 1725. Improves military, creates first navy, creates St. Petersburg and makes it the new capital |
| Great Northern War | War that Peter the Great started vs Sweden |
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