| Term | Definition |
| urbanization | growth of cites during 18th and 19th centuries throughout europe, as result of industrilization |
| Karl Marx | founder of communism |
| Friedrich Engels | Karl marx's partner |
| Thomas Maltus | philospher who said population needs to be checked,becaus people are going to reproduce more than having enough food. |
| David Ricardo | a philosher who stated more material lower cost and low material higher cost. |
| Adam smith | founder of capialism and supports lassiez faire |
| james watt | invented the steam engine |
| coup de'tat | napoleon took power and became leader of france |
| concert of europe | metternich aliance to stop revolution and bring back monarchy |
| agrarian economy | people made money by onlu farming |
| enclosure movement | lost of jobs of small farmer and fences to keep animal locked in animals |
| henrey bessenuer | he changed iron to steel |
| marie curie | found two elemnts on perodic table, discovered radium |
| john stuart mill | he said every one get equal righta and freedom to speech,press, religon and etc. |
| victor emmanuel | king of italy |
| congress of vienna | divide states and clean up the mess made by napoleon |
| simon bolivar | he helped in gaing indepdence for columbia and venezuela |
| jose san martin | helped liberated, lima, peru and chile |
| edmund burke | founder of conservatism |
| red shirts | volunteer of men to assist garibaldi in unified italy |