Biology 9 Chapters 2 & 3
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 producers | Autotrophs; make their own food; capture energy from sunlight |
| consumers | Heterotrophs; herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detritivores; get energy from other organisms |
| food chain | a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being eaten |
| food web | a network of feeding relationships (More realistic than a food chain) |
| biomass | the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level |
| ecosystem | all of the living things that work together that are living in an area |
| community | a group of animals/humans living in an area |
| niche | the role of an organism in a community |
| symbiosis | the relationship between different organisms living in direct, physical contact with one another |
| predation | when an organism preys (attacks) another organism for a source of food |
| parasitism | when an organism lives off of, or inside of another organism for food; one creature benefits and the other creature is harmed |
| habitat | all of the biotic and abiotic factors in an area where an organism(s) live |
| percolation/infiltration | the movement of water through the pores in soil or permeable rock (the ground) |
| precipitation | when rain falls |
| evaporation | when water is taken (evaporated) back into the clouds |
| ecology | the study of interactions between organisms, other organisms, and their environments |
| abiotic factors | moisture; wind/air; light; soil; temperature |
| biotic factors | plants; animals; living creatures |
| ecological niche | all of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce |
| interactions | competition; predation; symbiosis |
| predation | when an organism captures and feeds on another organism |
| predator | hunter |
| prey | an organism that is being hunted |
| competition | when animals compete for resources |
| resource | any necessity of life ie: water, nutrients, light, food, etc. |
| competitive exclusion principle | no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat |
| mutualism | both species benefit from a relationship |
| commensalism | one member of a symbiotic relation benefits but the other member is neither helped nor harmed |
| competitive exclusion | when two species are competing for the same resources and one species is better fit the other species will die off and become extinct |
| demographics | is the study of human population, distribution, and migration |
| immigration | (individuals coming in) |
| emigration | (individuals moving out) |
| growth factors: | immigration; births |
| shrinking factors: | emigration; deaths |
| density | the measure of the number of people per square mile/kilometer/etc. |
| arithmetic density | total number of people divided by the total land area |
| physiological density | the number of people per unit of arable (farmable land) |
| crude birth rates | birth per thousand individuals |
| crude death rates | death per thousand individuals |
| hydrologic cycle | water |
| atmospheric cycles | nitrogen and carbon |
| sedimentary cycles | phosphorus and sulfor |
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