DNA & RNA
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Created by:
jragni2014 on February 22, 2012
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Mrs rose study guide for Biology DNA and RNA
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nucleotide | The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| THYMINE | a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine |
| gUANINE | One of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA. Guanine is a purine; it pairs with cytosine. |
| URACIL | a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine |
| mRNA | messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome |
| Promoter | region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA |
| amino acid | basic building blocks of protein molecules |
| base pairing | principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and betwen guanine and cytosine |
| cytosine | a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule |
| genes | the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome |
| intron | sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein |
| Protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes |
| adenine | nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA |
| deoxyribose | five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides |
| telomere | repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome |
| transcription | (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA |
| tRNA | short-chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according |
| exon | sequence of a gene's DNA that transcribes into protein structures |
| nitrogenous bases | The bases of DNA that contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen which includes: Adenine, Thymine,Cytosine, and Guanine. |
| telomerase | an enzyme in eukaryotic cells that can add telomeres to the ends of chromosomes after they divide |
| RNA POLYMERASE | enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription |
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