| Term | Definition |
|---|
| basal ganglia | made up of several nuclei thought to be involved in controlling postural and movement patterns |
| Parkinson's disease | tremors (involuntary oscillatory movements), rigidity of muscles, in Substantia nigra |
| damage due to birth trauma | athetosis (slow writhing movements of fingers and hands), spasticity of muscles, located in putamen, globus pallidus |
| Huntington's disease | (hereditary) chorea (rapid, flick-like movements of limbs, facial muscle: fidgeting); hypotonus of muscles, located in cortex/neostriatum (caudate and putamen) |
| hemiballismus | ballism (violent, flailing movements), marked hypotonia in muscles, located in subthalamic nucleus |
| dyskinesias | due to basal ganglia damage |
| hyper | too much activity |
| hypo | too little activity |
| at rest | (no movement initiation signals activated) globus pallidus neurons are spontaneously active and inhibit VL neurons in thalamus (preventing any movement initiation signals onto pyramidal tract motor neurons |
| cortical activation of putamen | descending fibers from cerebral cortex exert excitatory synaptic activation of neurons in putamen. These neurons, in turn, synapse in GP where they inhibit GP neurons. This releases the prior inhibition of GP neurons onto VL neurons in thalamus: "inhibition of the inhibitors" |
Combine with other sets
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