Intro to Astronomy - Chapter 5
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Created by:
slingerlande on February 22, 2012
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Gravity
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Newton | created 3 laws of motion; studied motion and physics |
| Newton's first law | law of inertia; an object continues at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by some force |
| Mass | measure of the amount of matter in an object (stays constant) |
| Increases | as mass increases, inertia ______ |
| Weight | force of gravity on an object; it varies with your location |
| Newton's second law | the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the net force on it and inversely proportional to its mass |
| Increases | as force increases, acceleration _____ |
| Decreases | as mass increases, acceleration _____ |
| Newton | the most common force unit |
| Newton's third law | to every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction (law of action-reaction) |
| Newton's law of universal gravitation | every particle in the universe attracts every other particle |
| Directly | the gravitational force of attraction between objects is _____ proportional to the product of their masses |
| Inversely | the gravitational force of attraction between objects is _____ proportional to the square of the distances between them |
| in free-fall | astronauts appear weightless because they are _____ |
| Barycenter | the center of mass/gravity is known as the _____ |
| Orbital velocity | the velocity required to remain in circular orbit |
| Closed orbit | elliptical or circular orbit |
| Geosynchronus orbit | the object rotates with the rotation of Earth and remains above a fixed spot |
| Open (escape) orbit | leads away from the central body never to return |
| Angular momentum | measure of rotation of a body about some point |
| Einstein | he studied the mass/energy relationship |
| Curvature | the _____ of space-time (gravity) tells mass how to accelerate, and the mass tells space-time how to curve |
| Most massive object | objects orbit each other and revolve around the center of mass, which is located closer towards the _______ |
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