7. Digestion
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Created by:
ryueunchae on June 16, 2009
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 membrane-bound vesicles | Intracellular digestion occurs in ____ |
| alimentary canal | one-way digestive tract in mammals |
| salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder | accessory glands in digestive tract |
| basement | ____ membrane connects the free surface of epithelium to the underlying connective tissue |
| bolus | ball of food created by tongue and pushed into pharynx |
| epiglottis | flap covering the trachea during swallowing |
| peristalsis | involuntary rhythmic waves of muscular contractions in the esophagus |
| cardiac sphincter | ___ or lower esophageal sphincter: muscular ring in between esophagus and stomach |
| gastric, pyloric | 2 glands in gastric mucosa of stomach wall |
| mucous, chief, parietal | 3 types of secretory cells in gastric gland |
| mucous | mucous cells secrete: |
| gastric juice, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor | chief cells secrete: |
| gastric juice, HCl | parietal cells secrete: |
| pepsinogen | hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds to yield polypeptide fragments. |
| gastrin | pyloric glands secrete the hormone: |
| chyme | acidic, semifluid mixture of partially digested food |
| pyloric sphincter | muscular junction of stomach and small intestine |
| alcohol and certain drugs | ___ can be directly absorbed into the systemic circulation through capillaries in the stomach wall |
| duodenum, jejunum, ileum | 3 sections of the small intestine |
| 300 m2 | total surface area of small intestine |
| duodenum | location of mixing of the secretions of intestinal glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and chyme |
| secretin | hormone released by duodenum in response to the acidity of chyme, stimulating the pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice |
| basic | the enzymes of the small intestine function optimally at a slightly _____ pH, denatured by acid. |
| alkaline | pancreatic juice is an _______ fluid (due to high levels of bicarbonate) |
| proteolysis | the process of breaking down proteins |
| enterokinase | trypsinogen is converted to its active form by |
| trypsin | converts zymogens of chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase into their active forms |
| CCK | hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the duodenum in response to the presence of chyme; stimulates secretion of enzymes and release of bile |
| bile | an alkaline fluid synthesized and secreted by the liver, stored and concentrated in the gall bladder, and released into the duodenum |
| bile salts, bile pigments, and cholesterol | bile is composed of: |
| bile salts | molecules with a water soluble region on one end and a fat-soluble region on the other |
| micelles | finely dispersed complexes of emulsified fat globules; soluble in aqueous media |
| lipases | hydrolyze molecules of fat into glycerol and fatty acids |
| enterogasterone | hormone released by the duodenum which inhibits stomach peristalsis, allowing for fatty chyme to be digested |
| parasympathetic, sympathetic | digestive processes are stimulated by the _______nervous system and inhibited by the ____ nervous system |
| amino peptidase | intestinal mucosa secretes ____ which breaks down dipeptides and oligopeptides into amino acids |
| proteolytic enzymes | _____ in the pancreatic juice break down proteins into dipeptides and oligopeptides |
| jejunum, ileum | the majority of nutrient absorption occurs against the walls of the ___ and ___ |
| active transport, facilitated diffusion | monosaccharides are absorbed via ____ and _____ |
| active transport | amino acids are absorbed into the epithelium via |
| hepatic portal vein | monosaccharides, amino acids, and small fatty acids diffuse directly into the intestinal capillaries and enter portal circulation via the ____ |
| large fatty acids, glycerol, cholesterol | ___, ___, and ___ diffuse into mucosal cells |
| triglycerides | fatty acids and glycerol recombine to form |
| chylomicrons | triglycerides, phosphoglycerides and cholesterol are packaged into protein-coated droplets called |
| lacteals | chylomicrons are secreted into tiny lymph vessels within the villi called ______, which lead into the lymphatic system |
| thoracic duct | the lymphatic system converges with venuous blood at the ____ located in the neck. |
| bloodstream, liver | chylomicrons are processed in the ___ and delivered to the ____ |
| A, D, E, K | fat-soluble vitamins that are absorbed along with fats |
| B, C | water-soluble vitamins that are absorbed via simple diffusion into the circulatory system |
| cecum, a. colon, t. colon, d. colon, sismoid colon, rectum | 6 parts of large intestine. |
| cecum | a blind outpocketing at the junction of the small and large intestines |
| appendix | at the tip of the cecum there is a small fingerlike projection called the ____ |
| rectum | the ___ stores feces |
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