Boom to Bust Ch.7
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 isolationism | a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations |
| communism | a political theory favoring collectivism in a classless society |
| Anarchists | radicals who oppose all government |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | two Italian men that were accused of robbing a bank and murder; Anarchists; heighted American fear of foreigners; executed with hardly any proof because of their nationality and political beliefs |
| Ku Klux Klan | During the Early 1900s there was a large amount of immigration from Europe to America. The KKK claimed that these immigrants would influence America. They believed that white protestant Americans were the only so called real Americans and as a result they attacked Catholics, Jews, and any other religious denomination that they saw fit. They also continued their oppression of Blacks. More focused in the Midwest. By 1924 there were about 4,000,000 members. They thought you must be white and Protestant to be a real American. |
| prohibition | a total ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor throughout the United States. 1919-1933 |
| Speakeasy | Illegal bar that served liquor during Prohibition |
| fundamentalism | any movement in which people believe in strictly following certain established principles or teachings |
| Scopes Trial | 1925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism |
| flapper | Young woman in the 1920's who rebelled against traditional ways of thinking and acting |
| Charles Lindbergh | United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974) |
| Marcus Garvey | African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927. |
| Harlem Renaissance | a period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished |
| Claude McKay | A poet who was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance movement and wrote the poem "If We Must Die" after the Chicago riot of 1919. |
| Langston Hughes | African American poet who described the rich culture of african American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance. |
| Paul Robeson | United States bass singer and an outspoken critic of racism and proponent of socialism (1898-1976) |
| Louis Armstrong | First great jazz soloist. Played trumpet and was instrumental in developing scat singing. Harlem Rennaisance |
| price support | Price set by government above free-market level and maintatined by governmental purchases of excess supply |
| Bessie Smith | Powerful, influential blues singer in the 1920's, "Empress of Blues" |
| Duke Ellington | Born in Chicago middle class. moved to Harlem in 1923 and began playing at the cotton club. Composer, pianist and band leader. Most influential figures in jazz. |
| speculation | the practice of making high-risk investments with borrowed money in hopes of getting a big return |
| buying on margin | Purching stock with a little money down with the promise of paying the balance at sometime in the future |
| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed. Lead to the Panic of 1929 |
| Great Depression | a severe, world wide economic crisis which lasted from the end of 1929 to the outbreak of World War II. |
| Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act | established highest tariff in history to help farmers protect their goods against foreign competition. It actually reduced flow of goods/wealth |
| Dust Bowl | term used for the central and southern great plains during the 1930s when the region suffered from drought and dust storms |
| Herbert Hoover | U.S. president during stock market crash, who rejected the Progressive emphasis on activist government to pursue a program of minimal business regulation, low taxes, and high tariffs; encouraged businesses to regulate themselves, his belief in "rugged individualism" kept him from giving people direct relief during the Great Depression. |
| Bonus Army | Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their goverment war bonuses in cash |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | 32nd US President - He began New Deal programs to help the nation out of the Great Depression, and he was the nation's leader during most of WWII |
| New Deal | FDR's plan to help the American people directly by injecting money into the economy in ways that the people could receive directly, like unemployment compensation and a new relief administration. This plan called for a quick movement to pull America out of the Depression and into the light. This would be accomplished by setting up several more programs through this plan to assist Americans to make it through the recession. |
| Emergency Banking Relief Act | (FDR) 1933 , gave the President power over the banking system and set up a system by which banks would be reorganized or reopened., HUNDRED DAYS STARTS |
| Glass-Steagall Act | established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and included banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation |
| Federal Securities Act | (FDR) 1933, 1934, , required promoters to transmit to the investor sworn information regarding the soundness of their stocks and bonds |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act | Recovery: (AAA); May 12, 1933; restricted crop production to reduce crop surplus; goal was to reduce surplus to raise value of crops; farmers paid subsidies by federal government; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in US vs Butler on January 6, 1936 |
| Civilian Conservation Corps | Relief: (CCC) March 31, 1933; reduced poverty/unemployment, helped young men and families; young men go to rural camps for 6 months to do construction work; $1/day; intended to help youth escape cities; concerned with soil erosion, state/national parks, telephone/power lines; 40 hr weeks |
| National Industrial Recovery Act | A New Deal legislation that focused on the employment of the unemployed and the regulation of unfair business ethics. The NIRA pumped cash into the economy to stimulate the job market and created codes that businesses were to follow to maintain the ideal of fair competition and created the NRA. |
| deficit spending | spending more than is being taken in |
| Huey Long | Louisianna Senator who opposed FDR's New Deal and came up with a , "Share the Wealth" wants to give $5k to all families ,was later assasinated |
| Father Coughlin | a critic of the New Deal; created the National Union for Social Justice; wanted a monetary inflation and the nationalization of the banking system |
| Dr. Francis Townsend | an American physician who was best known for his revolving old-age pension proposal during the Great Depression. Known as the "Townsend Plan," this proposal influenced the establishment of the Roosevelt administration's Social Security system. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women. First leader of the UN |
| Works Progress Administration | May 6, 1935- Began under Hoover and continued under Roosevelt but was headed by Harry L. Hopkins. Provided jobs and income to the unemplyed but couldn't work more than 30 hours a week. It built many public buildings and roads, and as well operated a large arts project. |
| National Youth Administration | (FDR) , (NYA)1935, provided education jobs counseling and recreation for young people. part time positions at schools for students allowed for aid in h.s. college and grad school. part time jobs for drop outs |
| Wagner Act | Part of "Second" New Deal Programs (1935-1938), collective bargaining rights, closed shops permitted (where workers must join unions), outlawed anti-union tactics |
| Social Security Act | guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health |
| Black Cabinet | group of African Americans FDR appointed to key Government positions; served as unofficial advisors to the president. |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | An independent federal agency created by Glass-Steagall Reform Act. It insures up to $100,000 for bank deposits, thus helping put faith back into the banks. |
| Securities and Exchange Commission | An independent agency of the government that regulates financial markets and investment companies |
| Tennessee Valley Authority | A New Deal agency created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven-U.S.-state region around the Tennessee River Valley . It created many dams that provided electricity as well as jobs. |
| Joseph Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) |
| totalitarinism | A system of government that tries to control all aspects if life through all-encompassing propaganda circulated through the state-controlled mass media, a single party that is often marked by personality cultism, control over the economy, regulation and restriction of speech, mass surveillance, and widespread use of state terrorism. |
| Benito Mussolini | Leader of Italy during World War II and ally to Adolph Hitler, created a fascist state through the use of state terror and propaganda. became known as Il Dulce |
| Fascism | an authoritarian hierarchical government/ militant political movement, emphasized Loyalty to the state, uses the upper and middle class citizens to keep power, entails a secret police force and uses violence to keep citizens in line |
| Adolf Hitler | Leader of the Nazi Party and the Third Reich in Germany during World War II........ |
| francisco franco | Fascist leader of the Spanish revolution, helped by Hitler and Mussolini |
| Nazism | The doctrines of nationalism, racial purity, anti-Communism, and the all-powerful role of the State. The National Socialist German Workers Party, otherwise known as the Nazi Party. Nazism was advocated by Adolf Hitler in Germany. |
| Neutrality Acts | Originally designed to avoid American involvement in World War II by preventing loans to those countries taking part in the conflict; they were later modified in 1939 to allow aid to Great Britain and other Allied nations. |
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