| Term | Definition |
|---|
| physical property | describes a characteristic you can detect with your senses |
| density | relates the mass of a something to how much space it takes up, which is its volume |
| state of matter | physical property that tells you whether a sample of matter is a solid, a liquid, or a gas |
| chemical property | a characteristic of a substance that allows it to change to a new substance |
| physical change | any change in shape, size, form |
| chemical change | a change into another material with different properties |
| acid | a substance with a pH less than 7.0 |
| base | a substance with a pH greater than 7.0 |
| indicator | a small piece of special paper used to determine if a substance is an acid or a base |
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| solid | matter with a definite shape and volume |
| liquid | matter with a definite volume but no definite shape |
| viscosity | a liquid's resistance to flow |
| surface tension | the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid |
| gas | matter that does not have a definite shape or volume |
| temperature | the average kinetic energy of the individual particles |
| heat | movement of thermal energy from a substance at a higher temperature to a substance at a lower temperature |
| melting | change of matter from a solid state to a liquid state |
| freezing | change of matter from a liquid state to a solid state |
| vaporization | change of matter from a liquid state to a gas |
| condensation | change of matter from a gas to a liquid state |
| pressure | equal to the force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted |
| buoyant force | upward force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid |
| gravity | a pull that every object exerts on every other object |
| weight | a measure of how much Earth's gravity pulls down on an object |
| mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| average speed | describes the movement for an entire trip |
| acceleration | a change in speed or direction |
| friction | the push or pull that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching each other |
| scientific law | a theory that has been tested many times and the results are the same each time |
| force | a push or a pull |
| inertia | resistance to a change in motion |
| Newton's First Law of Motion | An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and a moving object tends to keep moving in a straight line until it is affected by a force. |
| Newton's Second Law of Motion | Acceleration depends on the mass of an object and the force pushing or pulling the object. |
| Newton's Third Law of Motion | For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Forces always come in pairs. |
| static electricity | a form of potential electrical energy caused by the buildup or loss of electrons |
| circuit | a complete, unbroken path for electrons to follow |
| switch | a device that opens or closes a circuit |
| magnetic field | the area around a magnet where magnetic forces act |
| electromagnet | a magnet that can be turned on and off |
| generator | a machine that changes mechanical energy into electric power |
| turbine | a large rotating wheel that gets its energy from different sources of energy |
| energy | the ability to cause change |
| kinetic energy | the energy that an object has due to its motion |
| potential energy | the energy that an object has due to its position |
| thermal energy | the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a material |
| chemical energy | the energy stored in chemical bonds |
| radiant energy | the energy carried by light |
| electrical energy | the energy that is carried by an electric current |
| nuclear energy | the energy contained in atomic nuclei |
| law of conservation of energy | states that energy can change form but is never created or destroyed |
| nonrenewable resource | an energy source that is used up much faster than it is replaced |
| renewable resource | an energy source that is replenished continually |
| alternative resource | new renewable or inexhaustible energy source |
| inexhaustible resource | an energy source that can't be used up by humans |
| photovoltaic | a device that transforms radiant energy directly into electrical energy |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace