Anatomy and Physiology Exam Chapters 2-3
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karliesmom on February 23, 2012
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75 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the pressure that can be measured in the mouth? | Intra Oral Pressure |
| What is Boyles Law | Given a constant temperature as you increase the volume of air the pressure decreases |
| What is the primary muscle of Inspiration | Diaphragm |
| What capacity is most often cited in speech and hearing as it represents the capacity available for speech | Vital Capacity |
| What is the battery of speech production and provides an energy source for oral communication | Respiratory System |
| What type of stability is needed to produce speech correctly | Trunk Stability |
| Which nerve controls innervation of the diaphragm | Phrenic Nerve |
| Explain Respiration | The abdomen gets smaller via contractions of abdominal muscles while the thorax expands and contracts via muscles that elevate or decompress it |
| The respiratory system consists of what? | Trachea, Lungs, Bronchi and Diaphragm |
| This is one inspiration and one exhalation | Quite Respiration |
| The two types of pressure that affect speech the most? | Intra Oral and Subglottal Pressure |
| Part of the tongue that accounts for 50% of consonants sounds in English | Apex or tip of the tongue |
| What does not expand when you exhale? | Thorax |
| Clavicular Breathing is what? | Breathing using your shoulders instead of your abdominal muscles |
| When taking notes in class that type of volume is being used? | Quiet Tidal Volume |
| In 1 minute how many 2 liter bottles of soda could you fill up with air | 3 |
| What is checking action? | Ability to maintain the constant flow of air through the vocal tract and controls the pressure beneath the vocal folds that have been closed for phonation |
| When a person had difficulty with checking action they will be restricted to | Short bursts of speech |
| What is pressure measured within the mouth known as | Intra Oral Pressure |
| Respiration is? | Exchange of gas between an organism and the environment. Inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide |
| Aspiration is ? | Swallowing of fluids/foods/substances and the inablity of the epiglottis to cover the trachea to keep fluids out of the lungs |
| Name several signs and symptoms of aspiration pneumonia | Wet gurgly voice, watery eyes, fever, |
| What posture is the best for breathing? | 90 degrees sitting or standing |
| Term used for the pressure below the level of the vocal folds | Subglottal pressure |
| Where does true breathing come from | From the diaphragm known as diaphragmatic breathing |
| Condition of the pleural linings that can cause pain and difficulty breathing | Pleurisy |
| Name the special features of the lungs. | They have damange control. They are segmented into 5 lobes which help incase on the the lobes is not working properly |
| How many lobes does right lung have | 3 |
| How many lobes does the left lung have | 2, due to the presence of the cardiac notch |
| Formula for Pressure | P= F/A. Pressure over Force Area |
| Breathing in oxygen | Inspiration |
| Breathing out carbon dioxide | Expiration |
| Gas exchange takes place in the body at? | Aleveolair Sacs |
| Total of Inspiratory Reserve Volume, Tidal Volume and Expiratory Reserve Volume | This is known as Total Lung Capacity |
| When you breath in for speech you only spend how much of the respiratory cycle on inspiration and how much on expiration | 10 percent 90 percent |
| The 4 moving articulators are what | Jaw Lips Tongue Velar |
| What is the average cc for resting tidal volume | 525 cc. |
| Name the 5 divisions of the Vertebral Column | Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Sacral 5 Coccyx (tailbone) 4 |
| What structure houses the lungs | Rib Cage |
| The rib cage is part of what structure? | Bony Thorax |
| The rib cage contains how many ribs | 12 |
| Name and number the types of ribs? | True 7 False 3 Floating ribs 2 |
| The rib cage is shaped how? | Barrel shaped |
| What is the focul point of the rib cage? | Sternum |
| Examining something with your hands is known as what? | Palpation |
| The ribs are attached to what structure? | Vertebral Column |
| What position are the ribs during rest | Down ward slope |
| What position are the ribs during Inspiration | Elevated |
| The Respiratory Passageways are part of what structure? | Bony Thorax |
| Serves as protection againist polluntants and to move lungs without a secure attachment | Pleural Linings |
| What is the primary muscle of Inspiration | Diaphragm |
| What are the Accessory Mucles of Inspiration? | Throax Neck Arms |
| What mucles help pull down the ribcage during expiration | Internal Intercostal muscles Innermost Intercostal muscles Transverus Thoracis muscles |
| The structure of Respirations are what | Bony Throax Visceral Throax Muscles of Respiration |
| What does the Bony Thorax contain? | Vertebra and Vertebral Column Ribs Pectoral Girdle Sternum Pelvice Girdle |
| What does the Visceral Thorax contain | Respiratory passageway Mouth Nose Trachea and Bronchi Lungs Mediastinum |
| What does the muslces of respiration contain | Diaphragm Accessory muslces of inspiration Accessory muscles of exhalation Muscles of postural control |
| Use of forces inherent to the tissues to restore the system to resting position after inspiration | Passive Expiration |
| Muscular effort to push air out alittle farther | Active Expiration |
| What machine measures respiratory flow, volumes and capacities | Spirometer |
| Another means of measuring pressure is called what? | Manometer |
| What causes a man's lung weight to differ from a womens | Puberty |
| In terms of Volumes in the lungs what are they? | Amount of air that each compartment (lungs) hold |
| In terms of capacities in the lungs what is it? | Functional combinations of volumes. Express physiological limits |
| The volume of air exchanged in one cycle of respiration? | Tidal Volume (TV) |
| The volume of air that can be inhaled after tidal inspiration | Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) |
| Volume of air that can expired following passive tidal expiration | Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) or Resting Lung Volume |
| Volume of air remaining in lungs after Maximum Exhalation | Residual Volume (RV) |
| Volume of air within the lungs that cannot be involved in gas exchange. It is always there | Dead Air |
| Volume of air that can be inhaled following a maxium exhalation. | Vital Capacity (VC) |
| Volume of air in the body at end of passive exhalation; Includes expiratory reserve and residual volumes | Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) |
| Maximum inspiratory volume possible after tidal expiration | Inspiratory Capacity (IC) |
| Sum of Inspiratory Reserve volume, Tidal Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume, and Residual Volume | Total Lung Capacity |
| Name the 5 specific pressures for nonspeech and speech production | Aleveolar Pressure Intrapleuarl Pressure Subglottal Pressure Intraoral Pressure Atmospheric Pressure |
| We use the accessory muscles of inspiration and expiration to generate what in speech? | Generates small bursts of pressure for Syllabic Stress |
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