| Term | Definition |
|---|
| CNS | what consists of brain and spinal cord (upper motor neuron) |
| PNS | what consists of everything but brain and spinal cord (lower motor neuron) |
| Somatic nervous system | what sends information from CNS to skeletal muscles |
| ANS | what sends information from CNS to muscles and glands |
| Sympathetic | what is the Emergency response (fight or flight) |
| Parasympathetic | wha is the restoration of homeostasis (rest and digest) |
| Neurons | what are cells within the nervous system responsible for signal conduction |
| Afferent | what goes from PNS to CNS |
| Efferent | what goes from CNS to PNS |
| Efferent neurons | what neurons go to the muscles, organs & glands |
| Interneuron | what goes between neurons and is only in the CNS |
| Soma | what is the name for the cell body |
| Dendrites | what provide large surface area to receive signals; conduct information to the soma |
| Axon | what conduct information over long distances & away from the soma |
| Neuroglia | what is non-conducting, supportive cells of the nervous system |
| Astrocytes | what are star shaped cells found throughout the CNS |
| Astrocytes | what release neurotransmitters that can increase or decrease communication between neurons |
| Macroglia | what is an other name for astrocytes |
| Astrocytes | what connect neurons to nearby capillaries and are components of the blood-brain barrier |
| Oligodendrocytes | what form myelin sheath around axons in the CNS |
| Up to 50 | how many axons can one oligodendrocyte myelinate |
| Schwann cells | what form myelin sheath around axons in the PNS |
| Single | how many axons con one schwann cell myelinate |
| Microglia | what act as phacocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria |
| Microglia | what act as the brain's immune system |
| Synaptic Cleft | what is the location of signal transmission between two neurons |
| Synaptic Cleft | what refers to the space between the presynaptic mambrane and the postsynaptic membrane |
| Axosomatic | synaptic contact can be what |
| Axodendritic | synaptic contact can be what |
| Axoaxonic | synaptic contact can be what |
| 150,000 | neurons in the cerebellum can receive as many as how many contacts with other cells |
| Presynaptic membrane | what has chemical messengers released that bind with receptors on the postsynaptic membrane |
| Cell body | where are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators produced in the neuron |
| Agonists | what bind to receptors and mimic neurotransmitters or neuromodulators |
| Antagonists | what block the ability of the neurotransmitters or neuromodulators |
| Neurotransmitters | what cause excitation or inhibition of teh postsynaptic membrane |
| Neuromodulators | what alter neural function by activating membrane channels or genes within the cell |
| Resting potential | what is the difference in electrical potential across the cell membrane when information is not being transmitted |
| -70mV | what is the number inside a cell that is maintained by the sodium potassium pump |
| Sodium potassium pump | what maintains the sodium and potassium inside a cell |
| 2, 3 | the Na+/K+ pumps how many K+ in and push how many Na+ out |
| Depolarize | what is it when membrane potential becomes less negative than the resting potential |
| -55mV | what thershold level will create an action potential |
| Depolarize | what relies on Na+ channels opening |
| Temporal summation | what has local potentials add together since they occur in succession |
| Spatial summation | what has local potentials add together since they occur side by side |
| Excitatory postsynpatic potentials (EPSP) | what is increased likelihood of action potential |
| Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) | what is decreased likelihood of action potential |
| All or none | action potentials are what or what |
| AP (action potential) | if threshold is reached what happens |
| Absolute refractory period | what is it when the membrane is depolarized, and it is not possible to create another AP |
| Relative refractory period | what happens after depolarization is a short hyperpolarization period occurs |
| One | action potential can only propagate in how many directions |
| CNS & away from PNS | sensory afferent nerves will always conduct toward what |
| CNS & toward the PNS | motor efferent nerves will always conduct away from what |
| Faster | the larger, myelinated nerves propagate at what speed |
| Nodes of Ranvier | impulse jumps between spaces in myelin sheath known as what |
| Every 1-2 min | how often does the impulse jump between spaces in myelin sheath |
Combine with other sets
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