Chapter 2
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Created by:
michaelmunoz2 on June 17, 2009
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 *Culture | the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects tht are passed from one generation to the next |
| *Material culture | the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry |
| *Nonmaterial culture | (also called symbolic culture) a group's ways of thinking (including its beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world) and doing (its common patterns of behavior, including language and other forms of interaction) |
| *Culture shock | the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken for granted assumption about life |
| *Ethnocentrism | the use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors |
| *Cultural reletivism | not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms |
| *Symbolic culture | another term for nonmaterial culture |
| Symbol | something to which people attach meanings and then use to communicate with others |
| *Gestures | the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with another |
| *Language | a system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought. |
| *Sapir-Whorf hypothesis | language creates ways of thinking and perceiving |
| *Values | the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly |
| *Norms | Expectations, or rules of behavior, that reflect and enforce values |
| *Sanctions | expressions of approval or disapproval given to people for upholding or violating norms |
| Importance of Language | The principle means by culture is transmitted from generation to generation. |
| *Dominant Culture | The group whose values, norms, traditions, and outlooks are imposed on the society as a whole |
| *Folkways | norms that are not strictly enforced |
| *Mores | norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values or the well-being of the group |
| *Taboo | a norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated |
| *Subculture | the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world |
| *Counterculture | a group whose values, beliefs and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture |
| *Ideal culture | the ideal values and norms of people; the goals held out for them |
| *Real culture | the norms and values that people actually follow |
| *Cultural universal | a value, norm, or other cultural trait that is found in every group |
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