| Term | Definition |
|---|
| blood flow sufficient for metabolic requirements | Why is the regulation of arterial blood pressure important in homeostasis? |
| perfusion pressure for all organs | The arterial blood pressure is essentially the same as the... |
| baroreceptor reflex | The main mechanism regulating blood pressure in the short term |
| stretched when pressure increases | Baroreceptors are spraytype nerve endings lying in the walls of arteries that are... |
| yes, tonically active | At normal levels of arterial pressure, are the baroreceptors active? |
| 50 - 160 | Over what range of pressures in mmHg are baroreceptors able to detect changes? |
| aortic and carotid | What are the two types of baroreceptor (related to their location)? |
| brainstem (medulla) | In the baroreceptor reflex, where is a change in the baroreceptor firing rate detected? |
| increased sympathetic vasomotor, increased sympathetic cardiac, decreased vagal cardiac | What are the three activities triggered by the medulla in response to a drop in blood pressure? |
| increased vascular resistance | Increased sympathetic vasomotor activity leads to... |
| increased contractility | Increased sympathetic cardiac activity leads to... |
| increased heart rate | Decreased vagal cardiac activity leads to... |
| increased arterial pressure | Increased vascular resistance and increased cardiac output lead to... |
| decreased sympathetic vasomotor, decreased sympathetic cardiac, increased vagal cardiac | What are the three activities triggered by the medulla in response to a rise in blood pressure? |
| decreased vascular resistance | Decreased sympathetic vasomotor activity leads to... |
| decreased contractility | Decreased sympathetic cardiac activity leads to... |
| decreased heart rate | Increased vagal cardiac activity leads to... |
| decreased arterial pressure | Decreased vascular resistance and decreased cardiac output lead to... |
| fluctuations in blood pressure | The baroreceptor reflex can be considered a buffering system because it minimises... |
| mean arterial pressure | MAP stands for... |
| cardiac output | CO stands for... |
| total peripheral resistance | TPR stands for... |
| CO x TPR | MAP = ... |
| MAP | CO x TPR = ... |
| decreased cardiac filling leads to decreased cardiac output and decreased atrial receptor activity | What are the 3 immediate effects of a sudden drop in blood volume (eg due to acute haemorrage) |
| decreased mean arterial pressure | A decrease in cardiac output due to a sudden drop in blood volume will lead to what? |
| vasopressin and angiotensin | What are the hormonal responses to a sudden drop in blood volume? |
| pituitary | Where is vasopressin released from? |
| vasoconstriction and reabsorption of water in kidney | Vasopressin has what two major effects? |
| kidney juxtaglomerular cells | Where is renin released from? |
| angiotensinogen to angiotensin I | What reaction does renin facilitate? |
| ACE | What converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II? |
| lungs | Where is angiotensin I converted to angiotensin II? |
| adrenal cortex | Where is angiotensin II converted to aldosterone? |
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