Chapter Four Vocab: Cerebrum
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cerebrum | has TWO CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that are similar but not identical in appearance; each hemisphere has four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital; THE BRAIN |
| Gyrus (gyri) | RIDGES OR PROMINENCES of the cerebral cortex |
| Sulcus (sulci) | FURROWS of the cerebral cortex; depressions |
| Corpus callosum | FIBER PATHWAYS joining the cerebral hemispheres |
| Fissure | they serve as landmarks of the anterior border of the parietal lobe and the top of the temporal lobe; GAP OR OPENING between the parietal lobe and temporal lobe |
| Basal ganglia | important for the CONTROL OF MOVEMENT. A group of subcortical structures that include the putamen, Globus pallidus, and caudate that contribute to control of motor behavior |
| Thalamus | responsible for SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION AND SENSORY PROJECTION to the cerebral cortex; structure located at either side of the third ventricle |
| Brainstem | a CONDUIT FOR SENSORY INFORMATION coming from the receptors of the body. a portion of the brain containing the MIDBRAIN, PONS, AND MEDULLA |
| Cerebellum | lies in the back and on top of the brainstem and includes two spheres; BALANCE AND COORDINATION |
| Peripheral nervous system | GROUP OF NERVES EXTENDING FROM THE CNS. The nerves can be divided into highly specialized cranial nerves that extend from the cerebrum and brainstem, and the spinal nerves that extend from the spinal cord |
| Hemispheric specialization | the two cerebral hemispheres are specialized in terms of the types of information they are most adept at processing. The left hemisphere is specialized for sequential functioning; the right for holistic processing. The left dominates in communication; the right is more adept to comprehension and expression. |
| Broca's area | Brodmann's area 44 located on the third frontal gyrus anterior to the precentral face area. Functions to PROGRAM SPEECH MOVEMENTS |
| Wernicke's area | important for AUDITORY PROCESSING AND COMPREHENSION. posterior part of first temporal gyrus |
| Pyramidal tract | MAJOR MOTOR PATHWAY from cerebral cortex to brainstem and spinal cord |
| Extrapyramidal tract | INDIRECT MOTOR PATHWAY made up of networks of neurons |
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