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Christian Theism Prime Reality - God, trinity External Reality - Creation, Open system Human Beings - Image of God After Death - Heaven and Hell Can We Know - World & Divine Revelation Right and Wrong - Transcendent, 10 C's Meaning of History - Linear and purposely Personal Commitments - Glorify God Philosopher - Thomas Aquinas Islamic Theism Prime Reality - Allah External Reality - Creation, Closed system Human Beings - Pinnacle of Creation After Death - Paradise and Hell Can We Know - Senses, reason, & Revelation Right and Wrong - Qur'an and Hadith Meaning of History - God vs. humans Personal Commitments - Divine instructions Philosopher - Muhammad Judaic Theism Prime Reality - God External Reality - Unity, cosmos, open Human Beings - Image of God After Death - Present Can We Know - Torah, God's truth Right and Wrong - Tradition, Torah Meaning of History - Chosen people Personal Commitments - Fear and obey God Philosopher - Z. Frankel New Church Theism Prime Reality - God, Divine and human External Reality - Creation, open system Human Beings - Soul and body After Death - Heaven, hell, world of spirits Can We Know - The Word, Revelation Right and Wrong - 10 C's, based on God Meaning of History - 4 former Ages, purpose Personal Commitments - Faith and charity Philosopher - Emanuel Swedenborg Deism Prime Reality - First Cause, "God" External Reality - Cause and Effect, Closed Human Beings - Personal, clockwork After Death - maybe, maybe not Can We Know - Universe, Infer about "God" Right and Wrong - Revelation, intuition Meaning of History - Linear, unknown Personal Commitments - Own, please "God" Philosopher - John Locke Naturalism Prime Reality - Matter External Reality - Cause and effect, closed Human Beings - Complex Machines After Death - Extinction Can We Know - Universe, Science Right and Wrong - Intuitive, human Meaning of History - Linear, no purpose Personal Commitments - none Philosopher - Pierre Cabanis Nihilism Prime Reality - Matter External Reality - Cause and effect, closed Human Beings - Complex machines After Death - Extinction Can We Know - No Right and Wrong - None Meaning of History - None Personal Commitments - None, self Philosopher - Nietzsche Theistic Existentialism Prime Reality - God, transcendent External Reality - Alien Universe, Creation Human Beings - Personal, image of God After Death - Heaven and Hell Can We Know - Reason, Faith Right and Wrong - Subjective, paradoxical Meaning of History - model, type, myth Personal Commitments - Follow God Philosopher - Martin Buber Atheistic Existentialism Prime Reality - Matter External Reality - Absurd, subj./obj. Human Beings - Existence before essence After Death - Extinction Can We Know - Value, science and reason Right and Wrong - Human in origin Meaning of History - Linear, no purpose Personal Commitments - Self Philosopher - Jean Paul Sartre Eastern Pantheistic Monism Prime Reality - Brahman, cosmos, Oneness External Reality - Cosmos, perfect, All Roads Human Beings - Atman, One w/ Brahman After Death - End of existence, not nature Can We Know - Oneness, pass beyond Right and Wrong - Realize oneness Meaning of History - Unreal, Cyclical Personal Commitments - Salvation, Oneness Philosopher - Buddha New Age Prime Reality - Self, Cosmic consciousness External Reality - Visible and invisible world Human Beings - Awareness, transformation After Death - Not end of self, no fear Can We Know - Cosmic, no space/time Right and Wrong - None Meaning of History - not interested Personal Commitments - Realize Unity Philosopher - Rudolf Steiner Postmodernism Prime Reality - Language, God is dead External Reality - Cosmos, All is dead Human Beings - Made of Language After Death - Nothing Can We Know - Only tell stories Right and Wrong - Decided by society Meaning of History - Endless stream, in flux Personal Commitments - Shifting 'whatevers' Philosopher - Jacques Derrida